巷道开挖与支护专业英语词汇
Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support印度饮食文化
1 Roadway ction巷道断面
掘进 drive, tunnel, excavate
平巷掘进Drifting
巷道掘进 roadway excavation
平巷掘进 n. drifting
沉井，凿井 n. sinking
上山掘进 n. raising
下山掘进 n.
1）The shape of roadway ction断面形状
巷道断面形状主要取决于地层条件、服务年限和支护材料。
The shape of roadway ction depends mainly on strata conditions，the rving life and supporting materials.
井筒Shaft , circular
大巷Main entry , arched, horshoe
上山 ri, ladder-shaped, trapezoidal
顺槽Gateway , ladder-shaped, trapezoidal
2）The size of roadway ction断面尺寸
巷道断面尺寸主要取决于巷道的用途。
The size of roadway ction depends mainly on its u.
它取决于运输或提升设备或其它设备的尺寸，还要根据通风要求对巷道断面尺寸加以修改。
It is dependent on haulage or hoisting equipment or other devices ud，and it is modified according to the ventilation requirement.
净宽，net width；净高 net height；净断面面积 net ction area。
2 Roadway excavation in rocks岩巷掘进
炮掘，爆破掘进：blasting excavation
装岩，除渣：mucking
哄男朋友的话掘进工艺包括主要作业和辅助作业，其中主要作业包括破岩、装岩、运输、支护，辅助作业包括通风、铺设轨道、挖掘排水沟、铺设管线等等。
The excavation technique consists of main operations including breaking, loading, haulage and support, and auxiliary work including ventilation, laying the track, digging ditches and laying pipes etc.
1）Breaking 破岩
打眼放炮是目前应用最广泛的破岩方法。
Drilling and blasting is the most widely ud method of rock breaking at prent.
（1）drilling
Drill n. 钻机
万年牢气动轻型钻机，风钻Air-jackleg
气腿式钻机Air-jack leg drill
架式钻机Drifter
钻车，凿岩台车 Jumbo, drill carriage
湿式钻进 Wet drilling
干式钻进 Dry drilling
钻孔 borehole
（2）Blasting 爆破
炸药：Explosive
装药：Load explosive in the borehole, charge
起爆：detonate雷管：detonator；电雷管：electric detonator
炮眼布置方式：drilling pattern
掏槽眼：cut hole
辅助眼：auxiliary hole
周边眼：trim hole
顶眼：roof hole 帮眼：flank hole
底眼：Bottom hole
起爆顺序：firing quence
Cutauxiliaryroof & flankbottom
The type of explosive ud, rock properties, and method of loading and quence of firing the holes, affect hole depth, diameter, alignment and spacing.
采用的炸药的类型、岩石的特性、装岩方法、各个钻孔的起爆顺序，这些都影响着钻孔深度、直径、排列和间距的确定。
A blast round consists of cut, relief, breast, and trim holes.
一个爆破炮眼组包括掏槽眼、辅助眼、压眼和边界眼。
2）Excavation face ventilation 掘进面通风
Fan 风机
Air pipe 风筒
3）loading and haulage 装岩和运输
铲斗装岩机Shovel mucker
耙斗装岩机Scraper mucker
机车＋矿车Locomotive ＋ wagons
4）support 支护
3 Roadway excavation in coals煤巷掘进
1）conventional excavation of coal drift 传统的煤层平巷掘进法
Breaking is by means of drilling and blasting.
手持式电钻：handheld electric drill
loading:
hand loading 人工装煤
scraper mucker：耙斗装煤机
coal loader：装煤机
扒抓，蟹抓2 gathering-arms
刮板输送机：1 scraper conveyor
2）综掘 fully mechanized excavation
（1）gateway machine 平巷掘进机
组成：
掘进头，（boom） cutterhead，cutting head
装煤装置：loading mechanism
扒抓，蟹抓gathering-arm
刮板输送机：scraper conveyor
haulage：
万年长青皮带输送机：belt stage-loader mechanism
履带行走装置：crawler travel mechanism
支撑千斤顶：supporting cylinders，用来固定机器
other cylinders，control cutterhead
液控箱hydraulic control box
操作：
操作时，首先驱动履带行走装置，使得切削头碰到煤壁；
然后，伸长导向千斤顶和后部千斤顶，支撑到巷道上；
这样就固定住了掘进机。
然后，切割头在掘进面底部的一侧钻入煤壁。
操作水平摆动千斤顶，使切割头割到底部的另外一侧，这就在掘进面底部完成了一刀作业。
操作升降千斤顶，使切割头向上割一定距离（切割头的直径），然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。
执行这个循环作业，直到割完整个断面。
平巷掘进机可以掘出任何形状和尺寸的断面，如圆形、马蹄形、拱形和长方形。
Gateway machine can excavate any size and shape of cross ction: circular, horshoe, arched and rectangular.
（2）continuous miner 连续采煤机
roof bolter 锚杆安装机，锚杆机。
The roof bolter is a rubber-tired vehicle ud to drill and inrt bolts into the roof to support it.
锚杆机是一个用来打锚杆眼安装锚杆来支护顶板的机器，它是用胶轮行走的。
4 Roadway supporting 巷道支护
永久性支护：permanent support
临时性支柱：temporary support
刚性支护：rigid support
柔性支护：yieldable support
主动支护：active support丝光机
被动支护：negetive support
类型：
（1）木支架：timber support
梯形巷道：basic form：1 beam ＋ 2 posts
基本形式：一梁二柱
（2）钢支架：steel rib support
梯形巷道：1 beam ＋ 2 posts，
工字钢：I-steel
拱形巷道：U-steel arch yieldable support
U形刚拱形可缩型支架
（3）块石或混凝土砌碹：stone or concrete lining
直墙拱形：straight-sided arch
（4）锚杆支护bolting support
Enhance the lf-supporting capability of surrounding rock.
提高了围岩的自承能力。
今天是什么天气
喷射混凝土：shotcreting
锚喷：bolting and shotcreting
锚网：bolting and metal mesh
锚索：anchored cable
锚注：bolting and injecting
The length of time the rock safely can be left unsupported will greatly effect the overall drifting-operation cycle.
岩石开挖后无支护而且安全的时间长度，即拱桥作用的时间，对于整个平巷掘进工艺循环有着很大的影响。
In some cas, no support is needed.
易运动In others, clo support, or support ahead of the last t, is required.
>鼻梁歪
