Designation:A962/A962M−12
Standard Specification for
Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for U at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation A962/A962M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the ca of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthes indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1.Scope*
1.1This specification covers a group of common require-ments that shall apply to carbon,alloy,stainless steel,and nickel alloy bolting under any of the following ASTM Speci-fications(or under any other ASTM Specifications that invoke this specification or portions thereof):
Title of Specifications ASTM Designation Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials
for High-Temperature Service
A193/A193M
Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High
Pressure and High-Temperature Service
A194/A194M
Alloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature
Service
幼师的简短感悟A320/A320M
Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material
Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature
Service
A437/A437M
High-Temperature Bolting Materials With Expansion黑马股票
Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless
Steels
A453/A453M
Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications A540/A540M Precipitation-Hardening Bolting Material(UNS
N07718)for High Temperature Service
A1014/A1014M
1.2In ca of conflict the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over tho of this specifica-tion.
1.3Additional requirements may be specified by mutual agreement between the purchar and supplier.
1.4Supplementary requirements are provided for u at the option of the purchar.The supplementary requirements only apply when specified individually by the purchar in the purcha order or contract.
1.5This specification is expresd in both inch-pound units and in SI units;however,unless the purcha order or contract specifies the applicable“M”specification designation(SI units)the inch-pound units shall apply.The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded parately as standard.Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,each system shall be ud independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the specification.
2.Referenced Documents
The following documents shall form a part of this specifica-tion to the extent specified.The latest issue shall apply un-less otherwi specified.
2.1ASTM Standards:2
A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars,Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought,General Requirements for
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpo Applications
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both
A320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products代加工合同
A437/A437M Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service
A453/A453M Specification for High-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels
A484/A484M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars,Billets,and Forgings
A540/A540M Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting for Spe-cial Applications
A700Practices for Packaging,Marking,and Loading Meth-ods for Steel Products for Shipment
A751Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel Products
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings,General Re-quirements
1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
Materials for Piping and Special Purpo Applications.
Current edition approved May15,2012.Published July2012.Originally approved in1997.Last previous edition approved in2011as A962/A962M–11a. DOI:10.1520/A0962_A0962M-12.
2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm,or contact ASTM Customer Service at rvice@astm.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes ction appears at the end of this standard Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959.United States
A941Terminology Relating to Steel,Stainless Steel,Related Alloys,and Ferroalloys
A1014/A1014M Specification for Precipitation-Hardening Bolting (UNS N07718)for High Temperature Service E3Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens E381Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars,Billets,Blooms,and Forgings
E384Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials
E1417Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing E1444Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing
工作安排怎么写
E1916Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals F788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts,Screws,and Studs,Inch and Metric Series
F2328Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel Bolts,Screws and Studs
蓝屏死机F2328M Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel Bolts,Screws and Studs (Metric)
2.2AIAG Standard:3
AIAG B-502.00Primary Metals Identification Tag Applica-tion Standard
2.3ASME Standards:4B1.1Screw Threads
B1.13M Metric Screw Threads –M Profile
B1.2Gages and Gaging for Unified Screw Threads
B1.3M Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Dimensional Acceptability of Metric Screw Threads B18.2.1Square and Hex Bolts and Screws B18.2.3.6M Metric Heavy Bolts
B18.3Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws 2.4Other Documents:
ASNT Recommended Practice No.SNT-TC-1A 53.Terminology
3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1bar—a solid rolled or forged ction that is long in relationship to its cross-ctional dimensions with a relatively constant cross ction throughout its length.See Specification A29/A29M for definitions relating to the production of hot wrought and cold finished bars.
3.1.2bolting—bolting material (rolled or forged bars or blanks,wire,rod,threaded bar,rotary pierced or extruded amless tubes,bored bars,or forged hollows from forged or rolled bar gments,to be manufactured into fasteners and bolting components including but not limited to connectors,pins,restraining device components,and shafts and fasteners themlves (bolts,nuts,screws,studs,and washers).
3.1.3certifying organization—the company or association responsible for the conformance and marking of the product to the specification requirements.
3.1.4class—a term ud to differentiate between different heat treatment conditions or strength level
s,or both,often within the same grade but sometimes within the same family of materials.May also apply to work hardened condition or strength level,or both.
3.1.5grade—an alloy described individually and identified by its own designation in a table of chemical requirements within any specification.
3.1.6length,fasteners subject to full size testing—that portion of the fastener who body diameter is approximately the same as the nominal thread size.
3.1.7lot—unless otherwi specified,a lot shall consist of:3.1.7.1bolting,heat treated in batch type furnaces—all material of the same heat or cast of material,condition,finish,and size subjected to the same heat treatment in one tempering charge and submitted for inspection at the same time.
3.1.7.2bolting,heat treated in continuous type furnaces—all material of the same heat or cast of material,condition,finish,and size heat treated without interruption in a continu-ous type furnace during an eight hour period.
3.1.7.3bolting,non heat treated (strain hardened)—all material of the same heat or cast of material,condition,reduction (cold work),finish and size.
3.1.7.4fasteners,machined from bolting material—all fas-teners machined from the same lot of material defined as outlined in either 3.1.7.1or 3.1.7.2,above without any sub-quent heat treatment or hot or cold forming.
3.1.7.5fasteners,heat treated in batch type furnaces—all items produced by any technique (forming,machining,etc.)from the same heat or cast of material,of the same prior condition,the same size,and subjected to the same heat treatment in one tempering charge.
3.1.7.6fasteners,heat treated in continuous type furnaces—all items produced by any technique (forming,machining,etc.)from the same heat or cast of material,of the same prior condition,of the same size,subjected to the same heat treatment in a four hour period and in one tempering charge.3.1.7.7fasteners,non heat treated (strain hardened)—all fasteners of the same heat or cast of material,condition,reduction (cold work),finish and size.
3.1.7.8strain hardened material—austenitic stainless steel material which has been subjected to cold working sufficient to cau a significant increa in strength.
3.2Definitions—For definitions of other terms ud in this specification,refer to Terminology A941.
4.Ordering Information
4.1It is the purchar’s responsibility to specify in the purcha order all information necessary to purcha the needed material.Examples of such information include,but are not limited,to the following:4.1.1Quantity and size,
3
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG),26200Lahr Rd.,Suite 200,Southfield,MI 48033,www.aiag.4
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME),ASME International Headquarters,Three Park Ave.,New York,NY 10016-5990,www.asme.5
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT),P.O.Box 28518,1711Arlingate Ln.,Columbus,OH 43228-0518,
www.asnt.
4.1.2Product specification number with grade,class,type, as applicable,and including the product specification year date, 4.1.3Any additional information required by the individual product specification,
丞的意思
4.1.4Supplementary requirements,
4.1.5Additional requirements(e
5.2,5.4,5.5,
6.1,
7.4, 13.1,13.3.1,13.3.3,13.5.2,13.6,15.8,and19.1).
4.1.6Additional ordering options provided in the individual product specification,and
4.1.7Dimensions(diameter,length of point,overall length,finish,shape,threads,etc.).
5.Melting Process
5.1Unless otherwi specified in the individual product specification,the steel shall be fully killed.U of the basic oxygen process shall be limited to grades containing less than 6%chromium.
5.2If a specific type of melting is required by the purchar, it shall be stated on the purcha order.
5.3The primary melting may incorporate parate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by condary melting such as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting.If cond-ary melting is employed,the heat shall be defined as all of the ingot remelted from a single primary heat.
5.4Steel may be cast in ingots or may be continuously cast. When steel of different grades is continuously cast identifica-tion of the resultant transition material is required.The steel producer shall remove the transition material by an established procedure that positively parates the grades.Should the purchar deem it necessary to have the transition zone of two heats of the same grade which are continuously cast discarded, the purchar shall invoke Supplementary Requirement S53.
5.5Quality—The steel producer quality control procedures shall provide sufficient testing of carbon and alloy steels in accordance with Method E381or other suitable method as agreed upon between the purchar and the producer to assure the internal quality of the product.
5.5.1Ingot Cast Product—Visual examination of transver ctions shall show no imperfections wor than the macro-graphs of Method E381S2-R2-C3or equivalent as agreed upon.
5.5.2Strand Cast Product—Visual examination of traver ctions in accordance with Method E381
shall reveal none of the conditions shown in macrographs1-5,7,12-18of Plate III. Conditions6,8-11shall not be prent to a degree greater than the macrographs of Plates I and II,S2-R2-C3.
6.Materials and Manufacture
6.1Bars shall be produced in accordance with Specifica-tions A29/A29M or A484/A484M as applicable.Finish(hot or cold,ground,rough turned,drawn,etc.)shall be at the option of the manufacturer unless otherwi specified.
6.2Fasteners shall be produced in accordance with the product specification.
7.Chemical Composition
7.1Chemical Analysis—Heat or product chemical analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology A751.
7.2Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of tho elements specified in the individual product specification. If condary melting process are employed,the heat analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot or the product of one remelted ingot of each primary melt.The chemical analysis thus determin
ed shall conform to the requirements of the individual product specification.Product analysis(check analysis)tolerances shall not be applied to heat analysis requirements.
诚信活动7.3Product Analysis—When performed,by manufacturer, purchar,end ur,and so forth,samples for analysis shall be taken from midway between center and surface of solid parts, midway between inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts, midway between center and surface of full-size prolongations or from broken mechanical test specimens.The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the limits of the product specification,within the permissible tolerances found in Tables5and6of Specification A29/A29M and Table1of Specification A484/A484M as appropriate for the grade being supplied.When multiple samples are taken from the same lot for product analysis individual elements shall not vary both above and below the specified range.
7.4For continuous cast materials the requirements of8.2or
8.3,as appropriate,of Specification A788/A788M shall be met.
7.5Steels with intentional additions of lead,bismuth,or tellurium shall not be supplied or ud.Steels with intentional additions of lenium may only be supplied or ud when specifically called out in the product specification.紫薯蒸多久
7.6The starting material shall not contain any unspecified elements,other than nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels,for the ordered grade(s)to the extent that it then conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element having a required minimum content.
8.Mechanical Properties
8.1Method of Mechanical Tests—All tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 unless otherwi specified.
8.2For the purpo of determining conformance to the product specification requirements,specimens shall be ob-tained from the production material,or,in the ca of forgings, from parately forged test blanks prepared from the stock ud to make thefinished product.Heat treatment shall be com-pleted prior to removal of material for mechanical testing. 8.3If parately forged test blanks are ud,they shall be of the same heat of steel,be subjected to substantially the same reduction and working as the production forging they repre-nt,be heat treated in the same furnace charge and under the same conditions as the production forging,and be of the same nominal thickness as the maximum heat treated thickness of the production
forging.
8.4Bars—Tension and impact tests reprenting bar stock shall be taken in accordance with the requirements of Annex A1of Test Methods and Definitions A370.Impact tests are not required on bars1⁄2in.and under in diameter.
8.5Fasteners,Machined from Heat Treated Bar—Mechanical properties of fasteners machined from heat treated bar shall be reprented by the tests run on the bar in accordance with8.4.
8.6Fasteners,All Class—Produced by other methods—When fasteners have been produced by forming,when they have been subjected to heat treatment,or when the nominal thread size falls into a different diameter range than that of the starting bar as shown in the applicable specifications,then tests shall be run on material taken from tho fasteners.
8.6.1Tension test specimens taken fromfinished fasteners shall be machined to the form and dimensions and from the positions shown in Annex A3of Test Methods and Definitions A370.Impact tests are not required on material from externally threaded fasteners when the thread diameter is1⁄2in.and under.
9.Hardness Requirements
9.1The material shall conform to the hardness requirements prescribed in the product specification.Hardness testing shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
9.2Tensile tests prevail over hardness tests in the event a conflict exists relative to minimum strength unless otherwi specified in the product specification.
10.Tensile Requirements
10.1Bars and Specimens Machined From Fasteners—The material shall conform to the tensile property requirements prescribed in the product specification.
10.1.1When the dimensions of the material to be tested will permit,the tension test specimens shall be machined to the form and dimensions of the standard2–in.[50–mm]gage length tension test specimen described in Test Methods and Definitions A370.
10.1.2When the dimensions of the material to be tested do not permit full size samples,small size specimens meeting the requirements of Test Methods and Definitions A370shall be ud.
11.Proof Load and Cone Proof Requirements
11.1Proof Load Test—Nuts shall be asmbled on a threaded mandrel or a test bolt as illustrated in Fig.1(a) Tension Method or(b)Compression Method.The minimum proof load required by the product specification shall be applied using a free running cross head speed of1.0in[25mm] per minute maximum and shall be held for at least10s.The nut shall resist this load without stripping or rupture,and shall be removable by hand,without u of tooling,after the load is relead.A wrench may be ud to loon the nut one-half turn maximum to start it in motion.The test shall be discarded if the threads of the mandrel or test bolt are damaged during the test.
11.1.1Mandrels shall have a hardness of45HRC minimum with threads of the appropriate ries and conforming to the requirements of ASME B1.1Class3A or ASME B1.13M tolerance4H except that the maximum major diameter shall be the minimum major diameter plus0.25times the major diameter tolerance.
11.1.2The test bolt shall have threads appropriate to the standard specified for the nut being tested and shall have a yield strength in excess of the specified proof load of the nut being tested.
11.1.3The mandrel/tension method shall be ud when arbitration is required.
11.2Cone Proof Load Test—This test is performed when visible surface discontinuities become a ma
tter of issue.The test us a conical washer and threaded mandrel to determine the load-carrying ability of hardened steel nuts through11⁄2in. [36mm]in diameter asmbled as shown in Fig.2.
The FIG.1Proof Load
Testing—Nuts
minimum cone proof load required by the product specification shall be applied using a free running cross head speed of 0.12in.[3mm]per minute maximum and shall be held for at least 10s.The nut shall support its specified cone proof load without stripping or rupture.
11.2.1Mandrels shall conform to the requirements of 11.1.1.
11.2.2Conical washers shall have a hardness of 57HRC minimum and a hole diameter equivalent to the nominal diameter of the mandrel +0.002,-0.000in.[+0.05and -0.00mm].
11.2.3The contact point of the cone shall be sharp for nut sizes 1⁄2in.[12mm]or less.For sizes over 1⁄2in.[12mm],the point shall be flat and 0.01560.001in.[0.38+0.03mm]in width.
11.2.4Cone proof loads may be determined as shown in Tables 1and 2when they are not specified in
the product specification.
12.Impact Requirements
12.1The material shall conform to the impact requirements prescribed in the product specification.
12.2Sampling for impact testing shall conform to the product specification.
12.3The impact test specimen shall have the form and dimensions shown in Fig.10of Test Methods and Definitions A370for the Charpy V-notch specimen,Type A.The longitu-dinal axis of the specimen shall be parallel to the direction of rolling or,in the ca of forgings,to the longest axis of the component the test bar reprents.The notch shall be located on the test specimen surface which most cloly approaches a radial direction.The ba of the notch shall be as nearly as practicable perpendicular to the longest axis of the component.13.Workmanship,Finish,and Appearance
13.1The parts shall conform to the dimensions,tolerances and finish as specified on the purchar’s order or in the individual product specification.
13.2Bars—Bars shall meet the dimensional requirements of Specifications A29/A29M or A484/A484M as applicable.13.3Bolts,Screws,Studs,and Stud Bolts—Fastener points shall be flat an
d chamfered or rounded at the option of the manufacturer.The length of the point on studs and stud bolts shall be not less than one nor more than two complete threads as measured from the extreme end parallel to the axis.Length of studs and stud bolts shall be measured from first thread to first thread.Bolts,studs,and bolting material shall be capable of passing inspection in accordance with Specification F788/F788M .
13.3.1Hex Bolts—Unless otherwi specified in the pur-cha order heads shall be in accordance with the dimensions of ASME B18.2.1or B18.2.3.6M and the Heavy Hex screw ries,should be ud,except the maximum body diameter and radius of fillets may be the same as for the heavy hex bolt ries.The body diameter and head fillet radius for sizes of heavy hex cap screws and bolts that are not shown in their respective tables in the ASME specifications may be that shown in the corresponding hex cap screw and bolt tables respectively.
13.3.2Socket Heads—Unless otherwi specified socket head fasteners shall be in accordance with ASME B18.3or the applicable metric ries.
13.3.3Studs and Stud Bolts—The dimensions and toler-ances of studs and stud bolts shall be as specified by the purchar or the product specification.
13.4External Threads—Threads shall either be formed after heat treatment or heat treatment shall be performed in atmo-sphere control furnaces.
13.4.1Thread Form—Unless otherwi specified external threads shall be in accordance with ASME B1.1,Class 2A fit,or ASME B1.13M,Class 6G fit.
13.4.2Inch Series—Sizes 1in.and smaller in diameter shall be coar thread ries,and tho 11⁄8in.and larger in diameter shall be eight pitch thread ries,unless otherwi specified.13.5Nuts—Unless otherwi specified nuts shall be hexago-nal in shape and the American National Standard Heavy
Hex
FIG.2Cone-Proof
Test
