定语从句（一）
作者:叶文斌
[典型例题]
1. Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart dia than tho ________ don’t. (2006 北京 31)
A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填表; 不填
解析：考查关系代词who引导的定语从句。这两个定语从句的先行词都是指人，在第一个定语从句中引导词作主语，可以用who或that；在第二个定语从句中，引导词作主语，同时，先行词又是tho，引导词应该用who，所以选C项。
2. We saw veral natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _______ we gave some bells and glass. (2006 湖南 30)
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
解析：考查“介词+whom”引导的定语从句。根据前面的one of them可以知道先行词是人，可以排除A和D项。表示“给某人某物”用词组“give sth. to sb.”，引导词中应该用to霍山米斛，所以选B项。
3. We’re just trying to teach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006山东 26)
A. where B. that C. when D. which
解析：考查关系副词where引导的定语从句。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词point，用where强调一个特定的地点，相当于at the point，在从句中作状语，所以选A项。
[语法讲解]
定语从句也称为形容词性从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导，从句中的关系词除了具有引导作用外，还指代前面的先行词，并且在从句中担当一定的成分。根据关系词的性质，可以分为由关系代词、关系副词、准关系代词、复合关系代词引导的定语从句。
1．由关系代词that, which, who, whom引导的定语从句
1）关系代词可以在定语从句中作主语
从句类型 | 关系代词 | 指代对象 | 典型例句 |
限制性定语从句 | who | 指人 | This is the boy who (that) was here yesterday. 这就是昨天在这儿的男孩儿。 |
which | 指物 | 邺郡 Take the books which (that) are lying on the table.把桌子上的那些书拿去吧。 |
that | 指人指物 | The man that (who) is playing the piano is a music teacher.弹钢琴的男子是一位音乐老师。（指人） Did you e the letter that (which) came today? 你看到今天送来的信了吗？（指物） |
非限制性定语从句 | who | 指人 | My wife, who has been abroad recently, hopes to e you.我的妻子希望见你一面，她刚从海外归来。 |
which | 指物 | More and more people are beginning to learn English, 带七字的成语which is becoming very popular in China. 越来越多的人开始学习英语，而且英语在中国正受到人们的青睐。 |
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菠萝的作用与功效
注意：关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。例如：The man dresd in black is the doctor who has operated on the riously wounded man.
穿着黑衣服的那个人就是给那位严重受伤的病人做过手术的医生。
2）关系代词可以在定语从句中作宾语
从句类型 | 关系代词 | 指代对象 | 典型例句 |
限制性定语从句 | whom | 指人 | The doctor whom (who/that) you are looking for is in the room.你要找的那个医生在房间里。 |
which | 指物 | The kite which (that) Jack made is very beautiful. Jack做的风筝很好看。 |
that | 指人指物 | They talked of persons that (whom/who) they remembered in the school. 他们谈起了所记起的学校里的人。（指人） Was the book that (which) you were reading a novel? 你正在阅读的书是本小说吗？（指物） |
非限制性定语从句 | whom | 指人 | Do you know the woman in red, whom we met at the school gate? 你认识我们在学校门口遇到的那个穿红衣服的妇女吗？ |
which | 指物 | The meeting, which was held in the park, was attended by five hundred people.那个会有500人参加，是在公园里面举行的。 | 台式电脑屏幕亮度怎么调
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注意：a) 在非正式文体的限制性定语从句中，用作宾语的关系代词whom, who, that和which通常可以省略。例如：That is the man (who/whom/that) I met in London last year.他就是我去年在伦敦碰见的人。
b) 关系代词作前置介词的短语时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但是当介词后置时，就没有这种限制。
例如：The person to whom I complained is the manager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。
The hotel which/that we stayed at was rather comfortable.我们住的那家旅馆相当舒服。
2．由关系副词when, where, why同义词成语引导的定语从句
从句类型 | 关系副词 | 指代对象 | 典型例句 |
限制性定语从句/非限制性定语从句 | when | 介词+先行词 | This is the hour when the streets are full of traffic.这个时间里街上交通很拥挤。 |
where | 介词+先行词 | We will start at the point where we left off yesterday.我们将从昨天停下的地方开始。 |
why | for +先行词 | That is the reason why I left early.这就是我早退的原因。 |
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注意：在表示时间、地点和原因的限制性及非限制性定语从句当中，关系副词when, where和why可以用来代替“介词+关系代词”，在从句中只能作状语。
[常见考点]
1．定语从句中只用that作为关系词引导的情况：
a) 当先行词被一个最高级形容词修饰时，必须用that。例如：That is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever watched.那是我所看过的最激动人心的一场足球比赛。
b) 当先行词被序数词修饰时，必须用that。例如：The ninth plane that landed at the airport was from the USA.第九架降落在该机场的飞机来自美国。
c) 当先行词被限定词 (the) very, (the) last, (the) only, the same, one, single, no, (a) little, (a) few, many, much, none, some, any, every, all等修饰时，必须用that。例如：This is the very pen that Mark Twain ud when he was writing the novel.这正是马克·吐温写那部小说时用过的笔。
d) 当先行词为不定代词all, anything, everything, nothing, something等时，必须用that。例如：All that is needed now is a continuous supply of the necessities of life.现在所需要的是持续地供应生活必需品。
e) 当先行词是指人、指物的两个并列名词时，必须用that。例如：
You can e 不稳定a horman and his hor that are crossing the flyover during the parade.
游行期间你可以看见骑手和马穿国天桥。
f) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，必须用that，that可以指人、指物，但是往往被省略。
例如：The modern airplane is not the machine that it was when first invented.
现代的飞机不是刚发明时的那种飞机了。
g) 当定语从句为there be结构时，在从句中做主语的关系代词只能是that，that往往被省略。
律回春晖渐万象始更新例如：The number of mistake that there are in this homework is simply surprising.
这份家庭作业中的错误简直多得惊人。
h) 当先行词是who或what，而且后面跟定语从句时，只能用that。
例如：Who that works a great deal with a plane does not know about the engineer?
常和飞机打交道的人中，谁不了解那个工程师？
2．定语从句中只用which作为关系词引导的情况：
a) 当先行词为that时，只能用which指物。例如：
I u the word not in the prent n, but in that which was held in the nineteenth century.
