Chapter 5 Meaning
1. Define the following terms
名片1) conceptual meaning 大拇指图片
2) connotation
3) n
4) synonymy
5) antonymy
6) mantic components
2. What are the major mantics schools?
3. What are the possible categories of synonyms?
4. How do you understand mantic change?
5. Explain antonyms in details.
KEYS TO CHAPTER 5
1. Define the following terms
扶来1) Conceptual meaning is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it denotes, or refers to.
2) Connotation is the properties of the entity a word denotes.
3) Sen is the abstract properties of an entity.
4) The sameness relation is called the sameness relation.
5) Antonymy refers to the oppositeness relation.
放假时间表6) Semantic components are mantic units smaller than the meaning of a word.
2. What are the major mantics schools?
1) The naming theory: One of the oldest notions concerning meaning, and also a very primitive one, It was propod by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. According to this theory, the linguistic forms or symbols ud in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for. So words are just names or labels for things. 千金姬
爱你是个错2) The conceptualist view: It holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to. In the interpretation of meaning, they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind.
3) Contextualism: It is bad on the presumption(假定) that one can derive推导) meaning from or reduce meaning to obrvable可观测的) contexts. Two kinds of context are recognized: the situational context and the linguistic context .For example, the meaning of the word "al" in the ntence "The al could not be found" can only be determined according to the context in which the ntence occurs:
4) Behaviorism
The contextualist view was further strengthened by Bloomfield. He drew on behaviorist psychology when he tried to define the meaning of linguistic forms. Behaviorists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as " the situation in which the speaker utters it and the respon it calls forth in the hearer". This behaviorist theory is somewhat clo to contextualism. It is linked with psychological interest.快手音乐
3. What are the possible categories of synonyms?
Synonymy can be divided into the following groups:
找春天课文Dialectal synonyms (地域性同义词): Dialectal synonyms are words which have more or less the same meaning and are ud in different regional dialects such as petroleum in British English and gasoline in American English. Dialectal synonyms can also be found within British, or American English itlf. For example, "girl" is called "lass" or "lassie" in Scottish dialect.
Stylistic synonyms文体同义词): Stylistic synonyms are words which have the same meaning but differ in style, or degree of formality. Some of the stylistic synonyms tend to
be more formal, others tend to be casual , and still others are neutral in style, for example, old man, daddy, dad, father, male parent.
Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning :感性或评价方面不同的同义词They are words that have the same meaning but express different emotions of the ur. The emotions of the ur indicate the attitude or bias of the ur toward what he is talking about, such as thrifty and mir.
Collocational synonyms搭配上的区别的同义词): Some synonyms differ in their collocation. That is, they go together with different words, for example: accu. . . of, charge. . . with, rebuke. .-for.
Semantically different synonyms(语意上的差别): They refer to the synonyms that differ slightly in what they mean. For example, "amaze" and "astound" are very clo in meaning to the word "surpri," but they have very subtle differences in meaning. While amaze suggests confusion and bewilderment, "astound" implies difficulty in believing.
