中西方时间观念对比研究 comparison between the Chine 猪肉丸concept of time and western concept of time
0ginates from agriculture civilization and industrial civilization which affect l people’s behavior，awareness Of concepts，industrial relationship，interpersonal relationship and value orientation．
八月翻译Different cultures breed different time conceptions and time behaviors．
Today will talk about the aspects of their differences．
When different time views meet with each other —cultural communication，conflicts and obstacles Of interpersonal communication may ari.
1．Introduction
Becau of the social practice，ways of thinking and understanding and time of people fr
om different cultures are different.． That is to say, time ,as an objective existence，has different forms of reflection in different cultures．Time view is en as a part of cultural deed structure，which affects people‘s perception of the world，controls their judgment and determines the ways of behaviors．The vagueness and exactness Of Chine and western cu1ture usually lead to conflicts and misunderstanding when peop1e interact with each Other．The Chine u time Very casually and tangibly（明确的）小程序是什么．The Chine prefer to say some uncertain words 1ike “at Once"，”sometimes”，“a short while"，which a1ways contrary to the westerners．Chine students who are studying English tend to misu the ten when communicating with the foreigners．The reason may be that there is no clear differentiation of the concept Of time in Chine．When a Chine and a westerner parted from a party，the westerner said，“I shall invite you to have a lunch one day”．And the Chine took his words riously and had been waiting f0r his invitation，but in Vain．So he thought the westerner was dishonest and he did not carry out his promi．In fact，such“promis”，as“we will keep in touch”and‘‘I will e you 0ne day"，do not specify the time and place of the invitation and are only greetings
．Becau we are accustomed to such vague expressing way Of time，we tend to take them riously．
祝福英文
Converly，a certain behavior also reflects certain concept of time and transmits some message about it．新疆风俗As a way 0f non-verbal exchange，time has its own special communicative function． Just as American cultural anthropologist ([ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst ] 人类学家)E．T．Hall has pointed out that it has its own language，every culture owns its
“time language"(Hall，l 959，p．2O)．We all have such experience that when people shake hands with each other on social occasions，we can know something about their identities，relationship and status from the order of who stretches his hand first and how long the shaking has lasted．Similarly，if two sides have made an appointment to negotiate a contract at 9：00，while one side was late and made no apology，it shows that this side is insincere or his concept of time is not ripe yet．
原因：Though time is a cognitive(认知的) concept shared by the human society， becau the social practice of people from different cultures and their different historical a
nd geographical environments， people may differ in the meanings they give to time and the way they make u of time．Therefore，when people from different cultures carry out communication, time, as an invisible guide, will has a great effect on people’s words and deeds， which prevents communication from realizing its intended purpo． 目的：We try to discuss the difference between time values and time behaviors of Chine cultures and western cultures so as to analyze their impacts on the cultural communication．
2．Difference耳机有电流声如何解决
1..round-trip time view Vs a linear one-directional time view
面包卷环形时间观 Vs直线式时间观
In the oriental（东方的） world，farming is the major way of carrying out material exchange dominates all the economic life of the whole society．This pastoral civilization treats human and the nature as interrelated and interacted，the world as an integer orga
nically linked．So the oriental society formed the round-trip time outlook that is“the nature and the human integer”．This kind Of time Out1ook thinks that time is like a circ1e and all the things in the world return to its origina1 state after a cyc1e of time，For example，the alternation of day and night，the come and go of the four asons，the turning of the twelve months，the increa of the age and the growing of plants(JIAYu—xin，1 997，p．7 1)．This kind of time View makes the oriental think that they are rich in time，which enables them to handle the time at their disposal and do things at ea．For example，when a teacher has not finished an important point in his class，he can prolong his class．At the Chine wedding feast，few people will come at the time on
the invitation paper．The time distance between the earliest and the Iatest can be Over One hour．And the wedding feast can last two or three hours．The time of app0intment and Visiting ends is rarely certain．If a friend wh0 you have never met says he will visit you this weekend，you have to stay at home for the whole day to wait for him．
The western culture usually considers time as a line and a linear 0ne-directional con
tinuous movement．Time is m0ving on and passing．It is very precious and stubborn．Once it has pasd，we cannot get it back．They a1so think that time has its beginning and end and can be measured by the clock and calendar；a certain regularized time is a point on this line and the space between two points is a period．Theref0re，the westerners u their time very exactly，1ike to the minute，in a c0nd，and so on．Time in the western world is nearly a commodity（商品） becau it is concrete and valuable．W e can buy，ll，save，waste，lo，borrow，make and measure time．There are also suggesting people how to shop，cook, clean their hous and babysit their children by using less time and achieving excellent results．
2. Monochromic time system Vs． Polychromic time system 单一时间习惯VS多重时间习惯
Different peoples in the worId，becau Of their different geographica1 environments，history and traditions，their understandings and attitudes towards time are different，which ref1ect specifically On the habits Of timing and using time．American cultural expe
rts divided the using Of time in different cultures into two areas：One is monochromic time system and the other is polychromic time system(Hall，l 982，p．1 6)．The former emphasizes schedule and punctuality．And subscription and punctuality are the customs of it．Many industrialized society
adopt monochromic time system．They plan time very carefully，arrange One thing in a period of time，not easily alter the schedule and stress efficiency．小学篮球教案The latter is very casual in timing and using time．Booking are regarded as nothing rious．Being punctual is important but not strict．Many Asian，Latin American，Arabic and African countries beIong to the Iatter．PoIychromic time system is the heritage of traditional agriculturaI society．Their people are ud to doing vera1 different things at the same time and do things stressing ripe conditions．The Chine think that everything in the wor1d develops with the cyc1ing Of time，so people stress（强调）ripe conditions when work．That is to say，each step Of our action is determined temporarily by our surroundings．So the Chine action is poorly planned，very tangible but inefficient．The Chine hardly subscribe in advance in the social activity．Friends and relatives can
Visit each other at any time and place．In some occasions，peopIe can chat，read newspaper and work at the same time．The Chine can go on with One thing next day that has not been finished 1ast day．The Chine salesmen can check Out with the first customer on the one hand，and show the goods to a cond one on the other hand，even greet a third One at the same time．However，the westerns can hardly accomplish them and also cannot accept them．
