Advantages
The part of the affirmative ca about policies that demonstrates the positive effects of the affirmative’s plan.
Ambiguity
A fallacy of language that occurs when a word in an argument has two or more possible meanings and the listener has no means to determine adequately which meaning the arguer intends.
德天瀑布在哪里Analogy
An argument that supports associations between things bad on their similarity or dissimilarity.
Appeal to fear
A fallacious argument that occurs when an arguer us irrelevant appeals to fear to take the focus off the arguer’s original argument.
Appeal to popularity
A fallacious argument that occurs when a debater us the popularity of a person, product, or belief to justify a favorable conclusion about that person, product, or belief.
Appeal to tradition
A fallacious argument made when a debater argues in favor of a particular action on the grounds of tradition rather than on the basis of that action’s merits.贵族政治
Argument
A controversial statement, frequently called a claim, supported by evidence and a warrant. The standards of a logically good argument include acceptability, relevance, and sufficiency.
See also Standard of acceptability, Standard of relevance, standard of sufficiency.
Argumentation
The uniquely human u of reasoning to communicate.
Argument ad hominem
A fallacy that occurs when an arguer attacks a person’s character or background, which is irrelevant to the claim.
Argument by example
An argument that supports an association between specific examples and a general rule.
Argument by incompatibility做梦梦见自己死了是什么意思
An argument designed to reject something becau it is incompatible with something el.
Argument by principle
An argument that supports a certain action bad on the connection between that action and a general principle.
Argument sphere
A community within which arguments are made.
Argument structure
The way evidence and warrants are arranged to support a claim.
See also Convergent argument structure; Independent argument structure; Simple argument structure.
Arrangement
The organization of arguments in a speech.
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走出去Authority
An argument that supports a claim with the opinion of experts in the field.
Ballot
A document on which the judge records the decision, the reasons for the decision, and sp
eaker points awarded to each debater.
Begging the question
A fallacy of acceptability that occurs when a debater introduces evidence that is the same as the claim.
Ca
One or more arguments sufficient to support a proposition.
Causal argument
An argument that supports associations between caus and effects.
See also Contributory causal argument; Intervening and counteracting causal argument; Necessary causal argument; Sufficient causal argument.
Cau-and-effect proposition
A proposition that asrts that one object caus a specific outcome.
Cau-and-effect reasoning
The type of reasoning that examines the reasons certain actions, events, or conditions (caus) create specific conquences (effects).
Claim
A controversial statement an arguer supports using reason. Claims are divided into four general categories: definitional descriptive, relational, and evaluative.
Comparative advantages ca
A method ud for developing a ca about policies that advocates the adoption of the plan bad on its advantages compared with the status quo or some other policy.
Comparative policy proposition高中政治怎么学
Compares two or more policies.
Comparative value proposition
Compares two or more objects with respect to some value.
Constructive speech
A speech that prents a debater’s basic arguments for or against the resolution.
Contributory causal argument
An argument that states that the purported cau is one of veral contributors to the effect.
Convergent argument structure
Two or more bits of evidence that, in combination with one another, support a claim.
Counterplan
A plan propod by the negative team as an alternative to the affirmative plan.
Cross-examination
A period during the debate when a member of one team asks questions of a member of t
he opposing team.
Debate
The process of arguing about claims in situations where an adjudicator must decide the outcome.
Dissociation
An argument that creates new categories by dividing an old category into two new ones.
Equivocation(as Ambiguity)
A fallacy of language that occurs when a word is ud in two different ns and the meaning of the word is shifted during the argument.
