专题二 动词和动词短语
◆动词的辨析
动词包括连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、持续性动词与非持续性动词，是高考考查的重点，无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中，动词辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趋势。动词辨析主要指：
1．词形相近的动词之间的辨析。如：lie，lay；ri，rai；sit，at等。
2．意义相近的动词之间的辨析。如：borrow，lend; speak，say，talk; hope，wish等。
3．动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。如：advi，advice; cost，worth; pass，past 等。
4．意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨析。如：explain，say; discover，invent; uncover，find等。
5．某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如：ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，e，
hear等。
6．某些常用动词短语的辨析。如：give in，give up; turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up等。
题组训练1
选词填空
1．William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
2．If you don’t like the drink you ordered just leave it and try a different one.
3．Mary，I reminded John of his promi to help you.
4．Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also limit our thinking.
5．The government refus to negotiate with terrorists.
6．Clinical evidence began to accumulate，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of uful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
7．—Are you still mad at her?
—Not really，but I can结课论文’t deny that her remarks hurt me.
8．I’d prefer to rerve my judgment until I find all the evidence.
转正党员申请书9．You are old enough to earn your own living.
10．I opened a bank account after I made﹩1,000 by doing a parttime job during the summer vacation.
◆动词短语的考查要点
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：
1．根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。
(1)动词＋副词(不及物)
Tom turned up after the party when everyone had left.
(2)动词＋副词(及物)
Plea turn every light in the hou off.
注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。
She turned off all the lights which had been left on.
②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。
She gave them away.
(3)动词＋介词(及物)
You should learn to care about others.
注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。
(4)动词＋副词＋介词
I look forward to eing you soon.
注意：“动词＋介词”、“动词＋名词＋副词”、“动词＋副词＋介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。
In this way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)
2．熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。
(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上的差异。
①hear from收到……的来信 hear of听说
河粉的做法②look after照料 look at看 look for寻找
(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时意义上的差异。
①ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话
ring up打电话
②put away放好，收起 put on穿上；上演
put up挂起；举起
(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时意义上的差异。
look for寻找 ask for请求
wait for等候 nd for派人去叫
(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时意义上的差异。
①break out发生；爆发 carry out进行；开展
go out熄灭 hand out分发
let out放出 look out当心
ll out卖完 t out出发
take out取出 work out算出
②break down坏了 come down落下来
get down下车 take down取下
write down写下
题组训练2
选词填空
take on，bring up，turn down，go over，come across，put up，care about，look up，put up with，speed up，bring down，work out
1．I can put_up_宝血十架歌with the hou being untidy，but I hate it if it’s not clean.
2．We aim to bring_down the cost of daily life.
3．They are broadening the bridge to speed_up the flow of traffic.
4．You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t work_out as you expect.
5．—You look upt. What’s the matter?
—I had my proposal turned_down again.
6．If you care_about faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
7．He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting喝茶有什么坏处_up at a hotel for the night.
8．Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought_武侠古典久久up to value the n of sharing.
9．To get a better grade，you should go_over the notes again before the test.
10．I often look_up the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.
11．She came_across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
12．Some incts take_on the color of their surroundings to protect themlves.
◆易错易混点
1．lay(放)，lie(躺)与lie(说谎)，这三个易混动词构成见下表：
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
lay放，搁；下蛋，产卵 | laid | laid |
香字成语lie躺；位于 | lay | lain |
lie说谎 | lied | lied |
| | |
2.ri和rai：ri是不及物动词，其过去式是ro，过去分词是rin，而rai是及物动词，
是规则动词。
3．hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“点心浏览器绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
4．sit与at：at为及物动词时作“容纳”讲，sit只是表示一个动作；at表示“就座”时要用be ated 或用at onelf。如：They were ated at their desks.或I ated mylf in the armchair.
