跨文化
1.Nature of culture:
♦ 1. Culture is like an iceberg.
♦ 2. Culture is our software.
♦ 3. Culture is like the water a fish swims in.
♦ 4. Culture is the grammar of our behavior.
2. Characteristic:
1. Culture Is Learned: not born with
写老师的作文400字2. Culture Is Dynamic
3. Culture Is Pervasive: Like the air we breathe, culture penetrates into every aspect of our life and influences the way we think, the way we talk, and the way we behave.
4. Culture Is transmitted from generation to generation
怠慢怎么读
5. Culture Is Adaptive
6.culture is ethnocentric
Component of communication:
Sender/Source （信息源）
A nder/source is the person who transmits a message.
Message （信息）
A message is any signal that triggers the respon of a receiver.
Encoding （编码）
Encoding refers to the activity during which the nder must choo certain words or nonverbal methods to nd an intentional message.
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Channel /Medium （渠道）
Channel/Medium is the method ud to deliver a
message.
Receiver （信息接收者）
A receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message.
Decoding （解码）
Decoding is the activity during which the receiver attaches meaning to the words or symbols he/she has received.
Feedback （反馈）
The respon of a receiver to a nder’s message is called
游乐园作文
feedback.
Noi （干扰）
Noi is a term ud for factors that interfere with the exchange
of messages, including external noi ，physiological noi,
psychological noi and mantic noi. Noi is inevitable.
Context:
4.elements of intercultural communication:
文明事迹
(1)perception
超级家教{1}cultural values{2}world view {3}social organizations
(2)verbal process
oral and written
Language is not only a form of prerving culture
but also a means of sharing culture.
different cultures have different symbols and different respons.
carder干部
associate professor
vice-chairman
deputy director
pee poo damn it
(3)nonverbal process
cry smile
bodily behavior-----------bodylanguage
eye contact
smile
touch
concept of time----------plan
u of space.------------
5.major social cultural elements:
1}cultural values
what is worth dying for?
what is wrong protecting?
what frightens people?
individualism collectiveness
materialism spiritualism
competition cooperation
work leisure
equality gender roles
time
silence
formality and informality
asrtiveness restraint
座谈会
interpersonal harmony
{2}world view
diver concepts produce different choices and behaviors------gods
{3}social organizations
family is important.
lf -reliance,
obedience
x role,
aggression
loyalty
age roles
social skills
6.5 different verbal communication style?
1.Direct and Indirect Verbal Interaction Styles
In the direct verbal style, statements clearly reveal
the speaker’s intentions.
Eg. U.S. Americans tend to u a straightforward form of request.
In the indirect verbal style, on the other hand, verbal
statements tend to hide the speaker’s actual intentions.
Eg. Chine tend to ask for a favor in a more roundabout and implicit way.
2. Self-Enhancement and Self-Effacement Verbal Styles格球山农场
The lf-enhancement verbal style emphasizes the
importance of boasting about one’s accomplishments and abilities.
Eg. In the classified ads, American ad might begin with, “A handsome, athletic male with a good n of humor eks a fun-loving partner…”
The lf-effacement verbal style, on the other hand,
emphasizes the importance of humbling onelf via
