Inspirations, Discoveries, and Future Perspectives in Total Synthesis全合成的未来
The last one hundred years have witnesd a dramatic increa in the power and reach of total synthesis.
过去的100年见证了全合成在能力和范围方面无与伦比的进步。
The pantheon of accomplishments in the field includes the total synthesis of molecules of unimaginable beauty and diversity such as the four discusd in this article: endiandric acids (1982), calicheamicin γI (1992), Taxol (1994), and brevetoxin B (1995). Chon from the collection of the molecules synthesized in the author’s laboratories, the structures are but a small fraction of the myriad constructed in laboratories around the world over the last century.
这些成就包括了全合成出了不可思议的美和纷繁复杂的分子。下面将介绍四个代表性的分子。这些分子选自作者实验里合成出的分子，它们只是全世界在实验室里合成的众多分子中的一个。分泌胆汁的器官
Their stories, and the background on which they were bad, should rve to trace the evolution of the art of chemical synthesis to its prent sharp condition, an emergence that occurred as a result of new theories and mechanistic insights, new reactions, new reagents and catalysts, and new synthetic technologies and strategies.
它们的故事以及它们所基于的背景，能够帮助我们追溯全合成艺术进化到目前清晰的条件，新的理论和机制，新的反应，新试剂和催化剂，新合成技术落后和策略的出现。
Indeed, the advent of chemical synthesis as a whole must be considered as one of the most influential developments of the twentieth century in terms of its impact on society.
的确，就整体而言，全合成的到来对人类社会的影响到绝对是20世纪最有影响力的事件之一。
Conclusion and Future Perspectives 总结和远景
The first one hundred years of the Organic Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society (1908-2008) saw an unprecedented growth in the power and scope of the scienc
e of organic chemistry. Some of the most spectacular progress政治资料 occurred in chemical synthesis in general and total synthesis in particular.
有机合成化学的前100年，美国化学会分部见证了有机合成科学在效率和领域上的空前得进步。其中最引人注目的进步发生在全合成领域。
Although the achievements are too many to mention, one can clearly recognize the increa in the power of the methods and tools, and the molecular complexity that can be reached in the laboratory. As en earlier, Table 1 lists the Nobel Prizes that have been awarded to date in the field of organic 电脑流量监控synthesis and related disciplines along with the citations for the work recognized and provides a general snapshot of the gradient of the art and science of total synthesis, organic synthesis, and organic chemistry.
有太多的成就，难以用语言取赘述。但是你可以清楚地看到合成试剂和思路的力量，你也可以看到在实验室里可以合成到多么复杂的分子。表格1中列出了在有机合成领域和相关领域迄今为止被授予诺贝尔奖的科学家。
It is interesting to note that while no Americans are found on the list prior to 1965, that year marks a change. That change, of which the Organic Division of the American Chemical Society must be proud, is reflected in the 17 Nobel Laureates who award winning work has been done in the United States since then.
很有趣地指出一点，在1965年以前，在表格中没有美国人，1965年是一个分水岭。在那以后，美国化学会从17届诺贝奖后开始闪光。
With such record of accomplishment and height in power, one may ask what is next for chemical synthesis. While wishes may be expresd accurately, predictions are more risky, especially when they pertain to such a dynamic and ubiquitous discipline as that of chemical synthesis, where rendipity still plays a major role in discovery.
有这么多光辉成绩，有人或许会问，合成化学的将来在哪里。愿望是美好的，但是预测是有风险的，特别是在这么一个动态的，无处不在的学科，一个奇遇在发现中扮演着重要角色的学科。
早上好的说说]
However, a few measured words on the subject of future perspectives are both in order and不失落 expected. First and foremost, synthesis has to be viewed as an牛肉萝卜 art and a science that needs to be advanced for its own sake.
然而，一些经过周密考虑的语言既在行程上，又是人们所期望的。最重要的是，合成被视为一门艺术和科学，它要按照自己的原理向前进步。
Deficiencies certainly exist and become stark when we compare our prent capabilities with tho of nature in terms of efficiency and unwanted byproducts. Improvements are clearly needed with regard to strategies and tactics.
刹的组词当我们同自然的效率作比较，我们发现我们的能力是多么渺小；当我们发现有副产物时，我们发现不足是一定三存在的。在策略和战术上的进步是显而易见必须的。
Availability of raw materials and sustainability concerns dictate the discovery and development of new synthetic methods and technologies for the conversion of renewable natural materials beyond petroleum and other traditional sources into high value and muc
h needed products such as pharmaceuticals, nutritional foods and supplements, and advanced materials.
对于原料和取代物的利用率的顾虑展示出新的合成思路和技术发展的必要性，这些新技术和思路能把可恢复的自然资源而不是石油和传统的资源转化成高价值和必需品，例如药物制剂，营养品和先进的材料等到。
Converting carbon dioxide back to more valuable organic molecules is a challenge waiting to be answered, and green chemistry should be pursued riously for the sake of the planet. The goal should be the development of chemistry through which renewable natural resources can be converted to high value products cleanly and efficiently, and in harmony with nature for the benefit of society.
把CO2变成一个更有价值的有机分子是一个等待回答的挑战，为了地球的长久，绿色化学也是我们要真诚追求的。化学的进步依赖于通过环保的有效的方式把自然资源转变成高价值的产品，同时对环境友好对社会有利。
In order to rve humanity optimally and to fully exploit its power, chemical synthesis must also be focud on, and become the awesome tool in, other areas and disciplines. Thus, expanding its reach beyond its traditional boundaries in chemicals and pharmaceuticals, synthesis can help push the envelope and shape the new frontiers in biology and physics, and in biotechnology and nanotechnology.苹果耳机设置
