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高粱种子
《新编跨文化交际英语教程》复习资料U5(总6页)
Unit 5
海鱼的营养价值
Culture and Verbal Communication
Some Ideas Related to verbal communication and culture
1. Different orientations to communication patterns
永安建制East Asian orientation
1. process orientation — communication is perceived as a process of infinite interpretation
2. differentiated linguistic codes — different linguistics codes are ud depending upon persons involved and situations
床的种类
3. indirect communication emphasis — the u of indirect communication is prevalent and accepted as normative
4. receiver centered — meaning is in the interpretation, Emphasis is on listening, nsitivity, and removal of preconception.
North American orientation
1. communication is perceived as the transference of messages
2. Less differentiated linguistic codes — linguistic codes are not as extensively differentiated as East Asia
3. Direct communication emphasis — direct communication is norm despite the extensive u of indirect communication
4. nder centered — meaning is in the message created by the nder. Emphasis is on how to formulate the best message, how to improve source credibility and delivery skills
怀孕能吃芒果
2. Direct and Indirect Verbal Interaction Styles
烈火焚烧若等闲
The tone of voice, the speaker’s intention, and the verbal content reflect our way of speaking, our verbal style, which in turn reflects our cultural and personal values and ntiments.
Verbal style frames “how” a message should be interpreted. The direct-indirect verbal interaction dimension can be thought of as straddling a continuum. Individuals in all cultures u the gradations of all the verbal styles, depending on role identities, interaction goals, and situations. However, in individualistic cultures, people tend to encounter more situations that emphasize the preferential u of direct talk, person-oriented verbal interaction, verbal lf-enhancement, and talkativeness. In contrast, in collectivistic cultures, people tend to encounter more situations that emphasize the preferential u of indirect talk, status-oriented verbal interaction, verbal lf-effacement, and silence.
The direct and indirect styles differ in the extent to which communicators reveal their int
电脑显示器不亮entions through their tone of voice and the straightforwardness of their content message. In the direct verbal style, statements clearly reveal the speaker’s intentions and are enunciated in a forthright tone of voice. In the indirect verbal style, on the other hand, verbal statements tend to camouflage the speaker’s actual intentions and are carried out with more nuanced tone of voice. For example, the overall . American verbal style often calls for clear and direct communication. Phras such as “say what you mean,” “don’t beat around the bush,” and “get to the point” are some examples. The direct verbal style of the larger . culture is reflective of its low-context communication character.
3. Person-Oriented and Status-Oriented Verbal Styles
The person-oriented verbal style is individual-centered verbal mode that emphasizes the importance of informality and role suspension. The status-oriented verbal style is a role-centered verbal mode that emphasizes formality and large power distance. The former emphasizes the importance of symmetrical interaction, whereas the latter stress asymmetrical interaction.
The person-oriented verbal style emphasizes the importance of respecting unique, personal identities in the interaction. The status-oriented verbal style emphasizes the importance of honoring prescribed power-bad membership identities. Tho who engage in status-oriented verbal interaction u specific vocabularies and paralinguistic features to accentuate the status distance of the role relationships ., in parent-child interaction, superior-subordinate relations, and male-female interaction in many Latin American cultures). While low-context cultures tend to emphasize the u of the person-oriented verbal style, high-context cultures tend to value the status-oriented verbal mode.琴溪香谷
