革命先烈The Congress of the United States
The Congress of the United States is the legislative, or lawmaking, branch of the federal government. It is a bicameral爱尔兰画眉口琴简谱 legislature, which means that it is made up of two chambers火车改签, or hous. They are the Hou of Reprentatives and the Senate. The CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES gives the two hous similar powers. The most important of the is that no law can be adopted unless it is first pasd in identical form by a majority (more than half) of the members of each hou.
Making the Laws
The congressional lawmaking process is a complex one. A propod law, or bill, must pass through a ries of steps before it is voted upon on the Hou and Senate floors. At any one of the steps, a bill can be delayed, defeated, or amended (changed). Most bills that are introduced do not survive this process and do not become law. Except for tho concerning revenue, bills may be introduced in either chamber. They are then referred to an appropriate committee, where much of the important work of the Congress occurs.
The Committee System
凤凰古城美食The committees in the Hou and the 16 in the Senate allow for the division of work and specialization Congress needs to manage the 10,000 or more bills introduced to it every two years. Each committee has its own special area of interest--such as agriculture, health, taxation, energy, or education--and a new bill will be nt to the appropriate comm小班折纸教案
ittee. The committees, in turn, will distribute bills to even more specialized subcommittees.
Floor Consideration and Passage
On the floor of the chamber the bill is subject to debate. Amendments to it may again be offered and voted on. The bill can be returned to the committee that reported it. If pasd in one chamber, the bill must then be nt to the other chamber, where the entire process begins anew. Becau a bill will rarely pass both chambers of Congress in the same form, a conference committee is lected to work out differences between the Senate and Hou versions. Any agreement reached by the conference committee must be approved by both chambers. Only then can the legislation be nt to the president of the United States, who must sign it before it can become law. If the president vetoes (disapproves) a bill, it requires a two-thirds majority vote of members prent in both hous for passage.
Other Responsibilities
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The Congress has a number of other responsibilities and powers under the Constitution. It can propo amendments to the Constitution and declare war. The Hou of Reprentatives has the power to impeach[3], or bring charges against, federal officials for misconduct. If no candidate in a presidential election wins a majority in the electoral college, the president is elected by the Hou of Reprentatives. The Congress also determines if a president is disabled and thus unable to continue in office.
The Congress can conduct investigations into any matter that affects its powers under the Constitution. It also reviews the actions of federal agencies to e that programs authorized by law are carried out properly.
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The Two Hous of the United States Congress
Comprid of the Hou of Reprentatives and the Senate, the Congress brings together 435 reprentatives of the people, 100 Senators from 50 states, and 5 delegates from the territories of the United States -- an asmbly of 540 to make the laws that govern the nation.
The Congress was established in 1787 when the Constitutional Convention adopted the United States Constitution. In 1789, with only 20 nators and 59 reprentatives, the first Congress met in Federal Hall in New York City. Today, the Senate is compod of two Senators from each state, who are elected to rve a term of six years. The Members of the Hou of Reprentatives, who each reprent approximately 600,000 people, are elected for two-year terms. The number of reprentatives from each state is determined by population, but each state is entitled to at least one reprentative.
The two chamber design of the U.S. Congress is consistent with the basic principle of government embraced by the framers of our Constitution -- that government must be divided into units which share power with one another, providing an inherent check against tyranny. The division of the Congress into two chambers emanates from this principle.
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The two chambers are considered equal, although they differ from one another in many respects. However, in terms of legislative power, both must concur in and adopt identical l
egislation in order for it to be enacted into law. The Senate has sometimes been called the upper body and the Hou, the lower body. The are popular misnomers, arising from the simple fact that when Congress first met in New York City, the Senate chamber was located on the floor above the Hou. The two legislative bodies are equal, but different, and each is granted exclusive powers by the U.S. Constitution.
bicameral adj. 两院制的, 有两个议院的 chamber n. (议会的)议院
congressional adj. 会议的, 大会的, 国会的 impeach vt. [律]控告, 检举, <主美>弹劾, 怀疑
delegate n. 代表 territory n. (美国的)准州
inherent adj. 固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的 misnomer n. 用词不当, [律](在诉讼等中)写错姓名(或地名
