初中英语同义句转换精析
1.同义句转换题是近几年来中考英语试题的常见题型之一。该题型能够全面考查学生灵活运用英语的能力，要求学生反应敏捷，联想丰富，能用不同的句子或短语来表达同一意义。本文就同义句转换题的特点及转换形式进行分析，希望从中帮助同学们找出规律，提高其应试能力。
2. Eg:People were in a hurry to take the sick man to hospital.（写出同义句)
People _______ _______ take the sick man to hospital.
People hurries to take the sick man to hospital.
同义句转换的实质就是替代、合并和改写句子。具体分析如下：
一：替代
1、用一个新的词、短语替代原句中有关部分。
如：①I received a letter from Lucy .
= I heard from Lucy . (receive a letter from →hear from )
②I often walk to school every day .
= I often go to school on foot . (walk →go on foot )
③She decided to stop learning English .
= She decided to give up English . (stop doing sth. →give up doing sth. )
2、用反义词来替代。如：
3、④We are in different rows . = We aren’t in the same row . (different →same )
4、⑤My bike is cheaper than yours . = Your bike is more expensive than mine . ( cheap →expensive ) 用反义词或反义短语来替换时，一般会有一个否定意义的词，如not , less , no , never , hardly 等。
二：合并句子
合并句子一般是通过并列连词将两个简单句合并为一句。常见的并列连词有：not only …but also , both …and , neither …nor, either …or 等。例如：
⑥Mary didn’t go to the park . I didn’t , either .
= Neither Mary nor I went to the park .
⑦Wei Hua may go to the cinema , or Ann may becau there is only one ticket .
= Either Wei Hua or Ann may go to the cinema becau there is only one ticket .
⑧John has got a penfriend . Mike has got a penfriend , too .
= Not only John but also Mike has got a penfriend .
= Both John and Mike have got penfriends .
三：改写句子
通过能够表达同一意义的不同句型、句式、语态的转换，来达到改写句子的目的。具体可分为：
1、复合句改为简单句。含宾语从句的复合句变简单句时，可用不定式改写，将宾语从句中的谓语动词变为不定式。如：
⑨We all agree that we should leave at once .
聆听是什么意思
= We all agree to leave at once .
⑩Could you tell me when we will start ?
= Could you tell me when to start ?
含宾语从句的复合句变简单句时，还可用复合宾语，即宾语加宾语补助语来改写。如：
1. I saw he went into the room just now .
= I saw him go into the room just now .
2. Edison’s mother found that he w as a clever boy .
= Edison’s mother found him clever .
We heard that she was singing in English .
= We heard her singing in English .
2、含状语从句的复合句变简单句时，常用以下方法：以so…that引导的结果状语从句常转换为too …to 或enough to 结构。如：
He is so young that he can’t go to school .
= He is too young to go to school .
= He isn’t old enough to go to school .
另外还可通过结构和语态的转换来改写。如：
ncaa历届冠军I can’t finish the work if you don’t help me .
= I can’t finish the work without your help .
= I c an’t finish the work unless you help me .
We u computers in many ways . = Computers are ud in many ways .
3、句型间的转换，要求对能够表达同一意义的常用句型结构了解甚透。如：
It took me two hours to finish my homework .
= I spent two hours in finishing my homework .
If you don’t hurry , you will be late . = Hurry up , or you’ll be late .
4、还可利用词性转换来改写。如：
There was a heavy snow here last night .
= It snowed heavily here last night . Uncle Wang invented the machine .
= Uncle Wang was the inventor of the machine .
同义句转换是句型转换题型中一种非常重要的形式。所谓同义句转换，是指用不同的词汇、短语及句型表示相同或相近的意思。它是中考命题的一大热点。现将常见的同义句转换形式作一归纳，以期对同学们的中考复习有所帮助。
一、用同义词(组)或近义词(组)改写。
1. The children are wearing beautiful clothes.
The children are_________beautiful clothes.
长得什么2. Every day,Yao Ming receives E-mails from thousands of basketball fans.
Every day,Yao Ming_________thousands of basketball fans.
3. Mr. Smith is working.
Mr. Smith is__________ __________.
答案：1. in 2. hears from 3. at work
简析：英语中有不少同义、近义词(组)，在平时学习中要注意总结归纳。如：enjoy onelf/have a good time, look after/take care of,difficult/hard, can/be able to,over/more than,receive(get)a letter from/hear from等等。
二、用反义词(组)改写。
4. Chine is more popular than Japane.
Japane is__________popular__________Chine.
5. The runner couldn't catch up with the others in the race.
The runner_________ __________the others in the race.
6. A computer is more uful than a VCD.
A VCD is not_________uful_________a computer.
答案：4. less, than 5. fell behind 6. as，as
简析：此类转换应注意有时主语位置会改变，并要特别总结归纳反义词(组)。如：new-old, big-small, long-short, more than-less than等。
三、用同义句型改写。
7. Ann spent two weeks getting ready for the exams.
It________Ann two weeks to__________ready for the exams.
8. She spent 30 dollars on the English-Chine dictionary.
The English-Chine dictionary__________ ___________30 dollars.
答案：7. took, get 8. cost her
简析：此类转换必须弄清每个句型的构成特点，而且还要注意句中每个句型的固定搭配。如：give sb. sth.与give sth. to sb.的转换，spend some time(in)doing sth.／on sth.与It takes sb.some time to do sth.的转换等等。
四、二句并一句转换为简单句。
9. Jim doesn't like noodles，and Jack doesn't,either.
_________Jim_________Jack likes noodles.
10. Mrs. Smith is my teacher. She is also my good friend.
Mrs. Smith is_________ _________my teacher_________ _________my good friend.
答案：9. Neither, only,but also
简析：英语中常用 but also， and等连词把两个意义相关的简单句合并成一个简单句。解题过程中要注意连词的选用和主谓一致原则。除此之外，还可用 to,enough to等把两个简单句合并成另一简单句。如：Tom is young. He can't go to school.→Tom is too young to go to school.
学习越南语五、用派生词或多义词改写。
11. The snow was heavy last night.
It_________ _________last night.
答案：snowed heavily
简析：句中名词snow和形容词heavy转换成了动词snowed和副词heavily。
六、并列句与复合句的互换。
12. If you play basketball here，you may break the windows.
_________play basketball here,_________you may break the windows.
13. Go on planting trees for two more years and the hill will be covered with green trees.
If we go on planting trees，the hill will_________ _________in two_________ _________.
答案：12. Don't,or 13. turn green,years' time
简析：含有祈使句的并列句，可转换为含if条件句的复合句。
七、简单句与复合句的互换。
14. Do you know how you can get the kite down from the tree?
Do you know_________ _________get the kite down from the tree?
答案: how to
简析：复合句转换为简单句一般侧重于将从句变化为短语或词组，使其句意简单明了。常见的转换方法有：(1)用不定式替换、用介词短语替换、用名词短语替换、用分词短语替换；(2)将宾语从句简化为"疑问词＋不定式"；(3)将so... ( )引导的状语从句简化为含有 to... (或enough to)的简单句；(4)将if引导的状语从句简化为"祈使句，and(or)＋句子"。真实的纪晓岚
八、综合转换。
15. Something is wrong with that machine.
That machine_________ _________.
答案：doesn't work
简析：综合转换是在整体把握句意的基础上，对原句重新进行概括表达，它在词汇、结构等多方面都有较大的变化。
聚焦中考同义句转换“十二类型”
【类型一】运用同义词或同义词组替换原句的有关部分。
【解题要领】将原句中的某些词或词组，用其同义词或同义词组进行替换改变，这是同义句转换使用最多的类型。在英语新教材中，同义词或词组的运用非常广泛，学习过程中要尽可能多地去归纳总结，以达到熟能生巧，举一反三的程度。
【精典例句】1、他擅长绘画。
He is good at drawing．／He does well in drawing．
2、今天风很大。
There is a strong wind today．／It's very windy today．
3、明天我们将乘飞机去东京。
Tomorrow we will go to Tokyo by air．／Tomorrow we will fly to Tokyo．
4、王先生在六点钟到达了火车站。
Mr Wang reached ／got to ／arrived at the railway station at six．
5、这本书花了我10元钱。
I spent ten yuan on the book．／I paid ten yuan for the book．／The book cost me ten yuan．
【类型二】运用反义词或词组改写原句有关部分。
【解题要领】此类转换主要是通过改换主语和运用其相关词或词组的反义，进行同义转换。
【精典例句】1、我向他借了一台电脑。
I borrowed a computer from him．／He lent a computer to me．
2、我认为数学比英语难。
教代会制度I think maths is harder than English．
Ithink English is easier than maths．
【直击中考】5．Chine is more popular than Japane．（2001宁夏）
Japane is ________ popular than Chine．
6．The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could．（2001济南市）
The runner________ to ________ with the others though he________ his ________ ．
【类型三】运用相同涵义的不同句式来表达。young歌词
【解题要领】不同的句式表达同一涵义是英语表达的显著特点。在英语新教材中，这样的句式应用得也比较广泛。如：Can I help you？／May I help you？／What can I do for you？（我能帮你吗？）应要求学生充分掌握。
【精典例句】1、这位画家画一匹马花费了两个钟头。
The artist spent two hours drawing a hor．／It took the artist two hours to draw a hor．
2、让我们去动物园好吗？
Shall we go to the zoo？／Let's go to the zoo，shall we？
3、今天天气怎么样？
What's the weather like today？／How's the weather today？
【直击中考】7．Don't open the door，will you？（2002盐城市）
Will you plea ________ the door ________ ？
8．How many people live in France？（2002厦门市）
________ ________ the population of France？
9．We spent twenty minutes cleaning the room yesterday．（2002哈尔滨市）诸葛菜
It ________ ________ twenty minutes ________ ________ the room yesterday．
【类型四】运用感叹句的两种句式进行转换。
【解题要领】感叹句的两种句式可进行相互转换，但必须把握其句型。
1）How＋adj．／adv．＋主语＋谓语！
2）What＋a（an）＋adj．＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What＋adj．＋复数名词／不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
【精典例句】1．这个男孩多么善良啊！How kind the boy is！／What a kind boy he is！
2．这首乐曲多么优美啊！How beautiful the music is！／What beautiful music itis！
【直击中考】10．How beautiful the park is！（2000广州市）
________ ________ _________park it is！
【类型五】运用两种时态进行改写。
【解题要领】这两种时态是针对一般过去时与现在完成时而言的。一般过去时应表述发生在过去某一时间的动作，惟此，才可能转为现在完成时，并后跟一段时间，但应特别注意动词是否属于延续性动词，如果为非延续性动词，则需将其改为延续性动词或延续性状态。这样的动词主要有：begin ／star
t—be on；come—be here；leave—be away（from）；buy—have；borrow—keep；die —be dead；return—be back；marry—be married；fall asleep ／go to sleep—be asleep；open—be open （adj．）；clo—be clod（adj．）；catch a cold—have a cold；fallill—be ill；join the League ／Party —be in the League ／Party（be aLeague ／Party member；join the army—be in the army ／be a soldier；arrive in ／at—be in ／at；get up—be up，等等。
【精典例句】1．他上周买了一辆新自行车。
He bought a new bike last week．
He has had a new bike since last week．
2．王涛六年前参军。
Wang Tao joined the army six years ago．
Wang Tao has been a soldier for six years．
Wang Tao has been in the army for six years．
【直击中考】11．The film began 20 minutes ago．（2002盐城市）
The film has been _______ _______20 minutes．
12．Sam's grandfather died 10 years ago．（2002上海市）
Sam's grandfather has been _______ _______ 10 years．
13．My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago．（2002福州市）
My grandpa the Party for thirty years．
14．I got up half an hour ago．（2002哈尔滨市）
I _______ _______ up for half anhour．
【类型六】运用复合句和不定式进行相互改写。
【解题要领】此类复合句主要是宾语从句和结果状语从句，宾语从句改为不定式的句式有：1）hope ／wish，be sure，tell等后跟that引导的从句，可转换为不定式；2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，也可转换为“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构，构成不定式短语。so．．．that．．．引导的结果状语从句有两种情况：1）表示肯定的结果，可与“enough to”结构互换；2）表示否定的结果，它既可以与“too．．
．to”结构互换，也可以改为“not＋adj．／adv．＋enough to”。（注：此时的形容词或副词应为上句的反义词。）注意：“so．．．that．．．”结构前后主语不一致时，应在enough或too ＋adj．后面加for sb．
【精典例句】1．我希望将来某一天参观月球。
