摘要
随着我国社会主要社会矛盾的变化，人们对优美的生态环境需求也是与日俱增的，我国生态文明建设已经步入了关键时期，需要提供更加优质的生态产品来满足人们对环境进一步需求。不断满足人民群众的优美生态环境需要，就要坚决打好污染防治攻坚战。我国目前已经有条件也有能力解决生态环境所存在的污染问题，环保财政支出作为保护环境、治理污染进而促进生态效率提高的最直接的手段，从2007年政府收支改革将其纳入财政预算当中开始，国家环境保护财政支出的数额从2007年的995.82亿元，增加到2018年的6297.61亿元，增长速度高达118.06%，表明我国越来越重视生态环境的保护和生态效率的提高，因此，考察环保财政支出对生态效率的影响有着重要的现实意义。
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文章在总结相关文献、理论和现状的基础上，探索环保财政支出对生态效率的影响，并搜集2007—2016年的省级面板数据进行实证分析，对理论假设进行检验，最后根据实证结果提出针对性的建议。文章的主要结构如下：第一，对相关发展理论和文献进行总结，在兼顾考虑经济效率和环境效率的基础上，重新塑造生态效率的内涵，然后考察环保财政支出的行为对生态效率的内在影响机制；第二，对相关环境保护政策进行梳理，对环保财政支出进行现状分析，并同时采用含有方向性距离函数的DEA模型测量生态效率，然后将其分解为经济效率和环境效率，进行现状分析；第三，在理论分析与现状分析的基础上，基于2007—2016年的省级面板数据运用固定效应模型进行实证检验，并根据实证结果提出可行性的建议。
本文的研究结论是：第一，从生态效率的评价来看，东部地区的生态效率、经济效率和环境效率较高，中西部地区生态效率和环境效率较低，经济效率较高，对于绝大多数省份而言，低环境效率是造成低生态效率的主要原因，仅有极少数省份的生态效率同时受到经济效率和环境效率的影响。第二，人均环保财政支出的增加是促进生态效率的提升的，在生态效率较高的地区，这种影响是可以通过生态效率的“正外部性”作用进一步提高生态效率。第三，人均环保财政支出对东部地区生态效率的影响是显著的，对中西部地区的影响不显著，但是和生态效
率之间的关系依然是正向关系。第四，在拓展性分析中，进一步探讨了模型的空间效应，同时表明邻近省份影响生态效率的误差冲击对本省生态效率产生负的影响，本期的生态效率受到前期生态效率的影响，以及邻近省份的贸易开放程度、财政自主度、地区经济发展水平、产业结构水平与环境治理强度对本省的生态效率也是存在显著的空间溢出效应的。
关键词：环保财政支出；生态效率；环境效率
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三角形分类Abstract
With the change of the main contradictions in our society, the people's needs for a better ecological environment are constantly increasing, and we are eager to accelerate the improvement of the quality of the ecological environment. China's construction of ecological civilization has entered a tac
kling period of providing more high-quality ecological products to meet the growing graceful ecological needs of the people，and it is time for the conditions and ability to solve the outstanding problems of the ecological environment. To constantly meet the beautiful ecological needs of the people, we must resolutely fight against pollution. Environmental Fiscal Expenditure , as the most direct means to protect the environment, control pollution and promote ecological efficiency ,since the reform of the government revenue and expenditure in 2007, it has been included in the fiscal budget, the amount of national fiscal expenditure on environmental protection incread from 99.582 billion yuan in 2007 to 629.761 billion yuan in 2018, a growth rate of 118.06%，which shows that China is paying more and more attention to the protection of the ecological environment and the improvement of ecological efficiency. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to examine the impact of environmental protection fiscal expenditure on ecological efficiency.
Bad on summarizing relevant literature, theory, and current situation, this article explores the impact of environmental protection fiscal expenditure on ecological efficiency by collecting provincial panel data from 2007 to 2016 for empirical analysis and testing theoretical assumptions. and finally propos wisdom bad on empirical results. Finally, we make corresponding recommendations bad on the conclusions. The structure of the article is following: First, summarizing the relevant de
velopment theories and literature, ,reshaping the connotation of ecological efficiency both economic efficiency and environmental efficiency. At the same time, analyzing the internal impact mechanism on ecological efficiency from the behavior of environmental fiscal expenditure; Second, sorting out related environmental protection policies, analyzing the current state of environmental protection fiscal expenditures, and using the DEA model with directional distance function to measure ecological efficiency,and
坚持好干部标准then it is decompod into economic efficiency and environmental efficiency for status analysis.Third, bad on the theoretical analysis and the status analysis, establishing a fixed-effect model of the data from 2007 to 2016 and conducting empirical tests，which will help us to make recommendations.治咳川贝枇杷滴丸
Conclusions are following: First, from the perspective of the evaluation of ecological efficiency, there are higher ecological efficiency, economic efficiency and environmental efficiency in the eastern region which compared with the central and western regions .For most of provinces, low ecological efficiency is caud by low environmental efficiency. Only a few provinces are affected by both economic and environmental efficiency. Second, the increa in per capita environmental fiscal expenditure can promote the improvement of ecological efficiency. In high ecological efficiency areas,
increasing expenditure can also further improve ecological efficiency through the "positive externalities" of ecological efficiency. Third, the impact of per capita fiscal expenditure is significant for the ecological efficiency of the eastern region, when the central and Western are not significant. But it's positive relationship between the eco-efficiency of eastern and western regions and per capita fiscal expenditure on environmental protection. Fourth, the spatial effect of the model is discusd in the expansive analysis. Model results show that neighboring provinces’ error shocks have a negative impact on the province's ecological efficiency; the ecological efficiency of this period is affected by the previous ecological efficiency; and the degree of trade openness, fiscal autonomy, regional economic development level, industrial structure level and environmental governance intensity of neighboring provinces also have significant spatial spillover effects on the province's ecological efficiency.
Key words:Environmental expenditures;Ecological efficiency;Environment efficiency
目录
目录
第一章引言 (1)
第一节研究背景和研究意义 (1)
公路车速度
一、研究背景 (1)
二、研究意义 (2)
第二节国内外文献综述 (3)
一、环保财政支出的研究 (3)
二、生态效率的相关研究 (4)
三、环保财政支出对生态效率的影响 (6)
四、文献述评 (10)
第三节研究内容、方法与结构 (10)
一、研究内容 (10)
二、研究方法 (11)
三、框架结构 (12)
第四节研究创新点与不足之处 (14)
一、研究创新点 (14)
二、不足之处 (14)
第二章概念界定与理论分析 (15)
第一节相关概念界定 (15)
一、环保财政支出的概念 (15)
二、生态效率的概念 (15)
第二节理论分析 (15)
一、最优公共支出理论 (15)
二、外部性理论 (18)
三、区域竞争理论 (20)
教案检查评语四、公共产品理论 (22)
白附子
五、环保财政支出影响生态效率的理论机制分析 (22)
第三章现状分析 (26)
