考研英语-试卷74
(总分142,考试时间90分钟)
1. U of English
Section I U of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choo the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.
On the afternoon of April 19th, 1587, Sir Francis Dr. Aka led his convoy of 31 ships into the port of Cadiz, (1)_____ the Spanish navy was being prepared to (2)_____ England. The Spanish were (3)_____ completely by surpri, and Dr. Aka"s men quickly looted, sank or burnt every ship in sight. After clearing the harhour of stores and (4)_____ off a Spanish attack, Dr. Aka and his ships (5)_____ without the loss of a single man. Back in England, Dr. Aka became a national hero, and his daring attack became known as the "singeing of the King of Spain"s beard". As well as (6)_____ back the Spanish plan to invade England by veral months, Dr. Aka"s daring attack (7)_____ the success of a popular new drink. Fo
r among the stores that he (8)_____ from Cadiz were 2,900 large barrels of sack, a wine made in the Jerez region of Spain, and the (9)_____ of today"s sherry. The wine makers of Jerez looked for overas markets, and sack started to take off in England. In 1587, the celebratory drinking of the sack brought back from Cadiz by Dr. Aka gave it a further (10)_____ and made it hugely fashionable, (11)_____ its Spanish origin. For (12)_____ chemical reasons, sack was an unusually long-lasting and (13)_____ wine. This made it ideal for taking on long a voyages, (14)_____ which alcoholic drinks acted as a vital social lubricant that (15)_____ the hardship of spending weeks packed into a (16)_____ ship. Columbus took sack with him to the new world in the 1490s, making it the first wine to be (17)_____ into the Americas. In 1604, sack was (18)_____ official recognition of (19)_____ when James I (20)_____ an ordinance limiting its consumption at court. By this time sack was popularly known as sherris-sack(sherris being a corruption of Jerez), which eventually became the modern word sherry.
1.
A. where B. when
C. as D. which
2.
A. aggravate B. besiege
C. invade D. siege
3.
A. ized B. taken
C. captured D. snapped
4.
A. fending B. fencing
C. defeating D. bringing
5.
A. avoided B. hided
四大皆空是指什么
C. broke D. escaped
6.
A. cutting B. taking
C. tting D. discting
7.
些字组词A. stitched B. aled
C. stuck D. labeled
8.
A. robbed B. plundered
C. squandered D. stole
9.
A. deviant B. variation姬胧月多肉
白玉虎皮兰C. forerunner D. descendant
10.
A. stimulus B. incentive
C. conducive D. boost
11.
A. nevertheless B. notwithstanding
C. however D. concerning
12.
A. obscure B. obssive
C. obscene D. obsolete
13.
A. dry B. robust
C. weak D. stiff
14.
A. in B. on
C. during D. to
15.
A. lesned B. worned
C. softened D. sharpened
16.
A. spacious B. crept
C. camped D. cramped
17.
输入法怎么设置
A. sold B. exported
C. imported D. introduced
18.
A. conferred B. prented
C. granted D. offered
19.
A. sorts B. kinds
C. sort D. kinds
20.
廉洁自律评价A. announced B. proclaimed
C. claimed D. issued
2. Reading Comprehension
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.五香花生米
St. Paul didn"t like it. Mos warned his people against it. Hesiod declared it "mischievous" and "hard to get rid of it", but Oscar Wilder said, "Gossip is charming". "History is merely gossip", he wrote in one of his famous plays. "But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality". In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment
emed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries. Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all. Gossip is "an intrinsically valuable activity", philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Ze"ev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesn"t come through ordinary channels, such as: "What was the real reason so and-so was fired from the office?" Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Ze"ev says. It is "a kind of sharing" that also "satisfies the tribal need—namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group". What"s more, the professor notes, "Gossip is enjoyable". Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a "saintly virtue", by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. "It ems likely that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where i
mmen power resides in the control of crets", he writes. Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion. By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to rearchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of rious illness, but who are unaware of it, to ek medical help. So go ahead and gossip. But remember, if (as often is the ca among gossipers) you should suddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defen recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will believe them. Or, as Will Rogers said, "Live so that you wouldn"t be ashamed to ll the family parrot to the town gossip".
1. Persons" remarks are mentioned at the beginning of the text to ______.
A. show the general disapproval of gossip
B. introduce the topic of gossip
C. examine gossip from a historical perspective
D. prove the real value of gossip
2. By "Gossip also is a form of social bonding"(Para. 5), Professor Aaron Ben-Ze"ev means gossip ______.
陈大慧A. is a valuable source of social information
B. produces a joy that most people in society need
C. brings people the feel of being part of a group
D. satisfies people"s need of being unusual
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A. Everyone involved will not benefit from gossip.
B. Philosophers may hold different attitudes toward gossip.
C. Dr. Ronald De Sousa regards gossips as perfectly advantageous.
D. People are generally not conscious of the value of medical gossip.
4. We learn from the last paragraph that ______.
A. gossipers will surely become gossipees someday
B. Socrates was a typical example of a gossiper becoming a gossipee
C. Plato escaped being a victim of gossip by no gossiping
D. an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live as usual
5. The author"s attitude toward "gossip" can be best described as
A. neutral B. positive
C. negative D. indifferent
SoBig. F was the more visible of the two recent waves of infection becau it propagated itlf by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig. F was so effective that it caud substantial disruption even to tho protected by anti-virus software. That was becau so many copies of the virus spread (some 500,000 computers were infected) that many machines were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, **mon counter-measure backfired, increasing traffic still further. Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the nder of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered becau it contains a virus. SoBig. F was able to spoof this system by "harvesting" e-mail address from the hard disks of **puters. Some of the address were then nt infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they **e from other harvested address. The latter were thus nt warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected. Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus software, thinks that one reason SoBig. F was so much more effective than other virus that work this way is becau it was better at arching hard drives for address. Brian King, of CERT,
an internet-curity centre at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, notes that, unlike its precursors, SoBig. F was capable of "multi-threading", it could nd multiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes. Blaster worked by creating a "buffer overrun in the remote procedure call". In English, that means it attacked a piece of software ud by Microsoft"s Windows operating system to allow **puter to control another. It did so by causing that software to u too much memory. Most worms work by exploiting weakness in an operating system, but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined n of humour, since the website under attack was the one from which urs could obtain a program to fix the very weakness in Windows that the worm itlf was exploiting. One Way to deal with a wicked worm like Blaster is to design a fairy godmother worm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the ca of Blaster someone ems to have tried exactly that with a program called Welchi. However, according to Mr. Haley, Welchi has caud almost as many problems as Blaster itlf, by overwhelming networks with "pings" signals that checked for the prence of **puters. Though both of the programs fell short of the apparent objectiv
es of their authors, they still caud damage. For instance, they forced the shutdown of a number of computer networks, including the one ud by the New York Times newsroom, and the one organising trains operated by CSX, a **pany on America"s east coast. Computer scientists expect that it is only a matter of time before a truly devastating virus is unleashed.
