1. Which four reasons do make IT a difference to the success of a business? Explain them simply. IT对于企业的成功有哪4个方面的原因，简单说说。
There are four reasons why IT makes a difference to the success of a business:
1) Capital management 资产管理
a) IT is the largest single component of capital investment in the United States.
b) About $1.8 trillion is spent each year by American business.
c) Managers and business students need to know how to invest this capital wily.
d) The success of your business in the future may well depend on how you make IT investment decisions.
2) Foundation of doing business 香菇木耳炖鸡业务流程建设
a) Most business today could not operate without extensive u of information systems and technologies.
b) IT can increa market share.
c) IT can help a business become a high-quality, low-cost producer.
d) IT is vital to the development of new products.
3) Productivity 生产力
a) IT is one of the most important tools managers have to increa productivity and efficiency of business.
大召b) According to the Federal Rerve Bank, IT has reduced the rate of inflation by 0.5 to 1% in the last decade. For firms this means IT is a major factor in reducing costs.
c) It is estimated that IT has incread productivity in the economy by about 1% in the last decade. For firms this means IT is a major source of labor and capital efficiency.
4) Strategic opportunity and advantage 战略机会和优势
a) Create competitive advantage: IT makes it possible to develop competitive advantages.
b) New Business Models: Dell Computer has built its competitive advantage on an IT enabled build-to-order business model that other firms have not been able to imitate.
c) Create new rvices: eBay has developed the largest auction trading platform for millions of individuals and business. Competitors have not been able to imitate its success.
d) Differentiate yourlf from your competitors: Amazon has become the largest book retailer in the United States on the strength of its huge online inventory and recommender system. It has no rivals in size and scope.
2. What are three dimensions of the IS? Explain them simply. 信息管理的3个维度是什么，请简单说说。
There are three Important Dimensions of Information Systems:
方向盘异响1) Organizations
a) People
b) Structure
c) Business process西柏坡旅游
d) Culture
e) Politics
2) Managers
a) Sen makers
b) Decision makers
c) Planners
d) Innovators of new process
e) Leaders: t agendas
3) Technology
a) Hardware: Physical equipment
b) Software: Detailed preprogrammed instructions
c) Storage: Physical media for storing data and the software
d) Communications technology: Transfers data from one physical location to another
e) Networks: Links computers to share data or resources
3. Which kind of fields (approaches) would be involved for learning IS? Explain them simply. 简单说说哪些领域需要学习信息系统。
1) Technical Approach
a) Computer science is concerned with establishing theories of computability, methods of
computation, and methods of efficient data storage and access.
b) Management science emphasizes the development of models for decision-making and management practices.
c) Operations rearch focus on mathematical techniques for optimizing lected parameters of organizations, such as transportation, inventory control, and transaction costs
2) Behavioral Approach
a) Sociologists study information systems with an eye toward how groups and organizations shape the development of systems and also how systems affect individuals, groups, and organizations.
b) Psychologists study information systems with an interest in how human decision makers perceive and u formal information.
c) Economists study information systems with an interest in what impact systems have on control and cost structures within the firm and within markets
4. According to different organizational levels, what are the major types of system? What are their input, processing, output and urs? 根据不同的组织层级，有哪些系统种类，他们的输入、过程、输出和用户。
1) Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) 婴儿配方食品
a) Basic business systems that rve the operational level
b) A computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to the conduct of the business
2) Management Information Systems (MIS)
a) Inputs: High volume transaction level data
b) Processing: Simple models
c) Outputs: Summary reports
d) Urs: Middle managers
3) Decision-Support Systems (DSS)
a) Inputs: Transaction level data
b) 神经紧张Processing: Interactive
c) Outputs: Decision analysis
d) Urs: Professionals, staff
4) Executive Support Systems (ESS)
a) Inputs: Aggregate data
b) Processing: Interactive
c) 菠菜怎么做好吃Outputs: Projections
d) Urs: Senior managers
5. According to different organizational function, which systems are there? And give two examples for each. 不同的组织模块有哪些系统，举两个例子说说。
