2012考研英语一阅读题考研英语一阅读题
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or
D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Come on –Everybody ’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is is what what what most most most of of of us us us think think think of of of when when when we we we hear hear hear the the the words words words peer peer peer pressure. pressure. pressure. It It It usually usually leads leads to to to no no
good-drinking, drugs and casual x. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Ronberg contends that that peer peer peer pressure can pressure can also also be be be a a a positive positive positive force force force through through through what what what she she she calls calls calls the social the social cure, cure, in which in which organizations organization
s and and and officials officials officials u u u the the the power power power of of of group group group dynamics dynamics dynamics to to to help help help individuals individuals individuals improve improve improve their their lives and possibly the word.
Ronberg, Ronberg, the the the recipient recipient recipient of of of a a a Pulitzer Pulitzer Pulitzer Prize, Prize, Prize, offers offers offers a a a host host host of of of example example example of of of the social the social cure cure in in
action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Rage Against the Haze Against the Haze ts ts out out out to to to make make make cigarettes cigarettes cigarettes uncool. uncool. uncool. In In In South South South Africa, Africa, Africa, an an an HIV-prevention HIV-prevention initiative initiative known known known as as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe x among their peers.
The The idea idea idea ems ems ems promising promising ，and and Ronberg Ronberg Ronberg is is is a a a perceptive perceptive perceptive obrver. obrver. obrver. Her Her Her critique critique critique of of of the the
lameness lameness of of of many many many pubic-health pubic-health pubic-health campaig
ns campaigns campaigns is is is spot-on: spot-on: spot-on: they they they fail fail fail to to to mobilize mobilize mobilize peer peer peer pressure pressure pressure for for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a riously flawed understanding of psycho logy.” Dare to be
different, plea don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Ronberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertirs, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
But But on on on the the the general general general effectiveness effectiveness effectiveness of of of the the the social social social cure, cure, cure, Ronberg Ronberg Ronberg is is is less less less persuasive. Join persuasive. Join
the Club Club is is is filled filled filled with with with too too too much much much irrelevant irrelevant irrelevant detail detail detail and and and not not not enough enough enough exploration exploration exploration of of of the the the social social social and and
biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s prented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the
Haze failed once once state state state funding funding funding was was was cut. cut. cut. Evidence Evidence Evidence that that that the the the LoveLife LoveLife LoveLife program program program produces produces produces lasting lasting lasting changes changes changes is is limited and mixed.
There ’s s no no no doubt doubt doubt that that that our our our peer peer peer groups groups groups exert exert exert enormous enormous enormous influence influence influence on on on our our our behavior. behavior. behavior. An An
emerging emerging body body body of of of rearch rearch rearch shows shows shows that that that positive positive positive health health health habits-as habits-as habits-as well well well as as as negative negative negative ones-spread ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we e every day.
Far Far less certain, less certain, however, however, is is is how how how successfully successfully successfully experts experts experts and and and bureaucrats can bureaucrats can lect lect our our our peer peer
groups groups and steer and steer their their activities activities activities in in in virtuous virtuous virtuous directions. It directions. It ’s s like like like the the the teacher teacher teacher who who who breaks breaks breaks up up up the the
troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.
21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as
根据第一段，同龄人的压力通常以什么样的状态出现：根据第一段，同龄人的压力通常以什么样的状态出现：
[A] a supplement to the social cure
对于社会治疗的补充对于社会治疗的补充
[B] a stimulus to group dynamics
对于团队活力的刺激对于团队活力的刺激
[C] an obstacle to school progress
学校进步的阻碍学校进步的阻碍
[D] a cau of undesirable behaviors
一些不良行为的原因一些不良行为的原因 解析：这是一个细节题：对应文中It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual x.题干中的often 对应原文中的usually；选项中undesirable behaviors 对应no good-drinking, drugs and casual x. lead 对于对于cau.完美替换，四级难度，出题人很仁慈。完美替换，四级难度，出题人很仁慈。
22. Ronberg holds that public advocates should
罗森博格认为公共支持者应该：罗森博格认为公共支持者应该：
[A] recruit professional advertirs
招募职业的广告人招募职业的广告人
[B] learn from advertirs ’ experience
从广告人那里学习经验从广告人那里学习经验
[C] stay away from commercial advertirs
远离商业广告人远离商业广告人
[D] recognize the limitations of advertiments
认识到广告的局限性认识到广告的局限性
解析：本题为细节题，根据题干定位到：三段最后一句：Ronberg argues convincingly
that that public-health public-health public-health advocates advocates advocates ought ought ought to to to take take take a a a page page page from from from advertirs, so advertirs, so skilled skilled at at at applying applying applying peer peer pressure. 这样的句子的理解难点是一个短语：take a page from 向谁学习，如果不懂，如果不懂，可以看可以看
后面的so skilled at applying ，也能熟练的运用，一个“也”道出天机，小词有大乾坤啊!
23. In the author ’s view, Ronberg ’s book fails to
作者认为Ronberg 未能：未能：
[A] adequately probe social and biological factors
足够的探究社会和生物因素足够的探究社会和生物因素
[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure
有效地逃避社会治疗的缺点有效地逃避社会治疗的缺点
[C] illustrate the functions of state funding
例证出国家基金的功能例证出国家基金的功能
[D]produce a long-lasting social effect
产生长期的社会影响产生长期的社会影响
解析：细节题问观点；对应句子But on on the
the general effectiveness of of the the the social social cure, Ronberg is less persuasive. 指出不足指出不足；后面一句中的主语Join the Club
戴戒指的意义
为此人所写，所以后面的表述就是他的观点：面的表述就是他的观点： not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.：完美替换exploration 对probe;
24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors
第五段表明对于行为的模仿：第五段表明对于行为的模仿：
[A] is harmful to our networks of friends
对于朋友的网络是有害的对于朋友的网络是有害的
年份属相
[B] will mislead behavioral studies
会误导对于行为的研究会误导对于行为的研究
[C] occurs without our realizing it
形容神态的词语在没有意识到的时候就出现了在没有意识到的时候就出现了
[D] can produce negative health habits
会产生不良的健康习惯会产生不良的健康习惯
解析：细节题细节题 ；对应句子This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we e every day.对 unconsciously 完美替换。完美替换。
25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is 作者在最后一段中认为同龄人压力的效果是：作者在最后一段中认为同龄人压力的效果是：
[A] harmful
[B] desirable
[C] profound
[D] questionable
解析：局部态度题解析：局部态度题 对应Far less certain, however, is
…The tactic never really works …表明作者对于这个事物的看法是不确定的所以选最后一个。作者对于这个事物的看法是不确定的所以选最后一个。 Text 2
A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy
supplier supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in in New England, provoked justified outrage in
V ermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.
Instead, the company has done precily what it had long promid it would not challenge the constitutionality of V e rmont ermont ’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its V ermont Y ankee nuclear power plant running. It ’s a stunning move.
The conflict has has been surfacing since been surfacing since 2002, when 2002, when the corporation bought bought V V ermont ’s s only only
nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in V ernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to ek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the the state state state went went went a a a step step step further, further, further, requiring requiring requiring that that that any any any extension extension extension o
f of of the the the plant’s plant’s plant’s licen licen licen be be be subject subject subject to to V ermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.
Either Either Entergy Entergy Entergy never never never really really really intended intended intended to to to live live live by by by tho tho tho commitments, commitments, commitments, or or or it it it simply simply simply didn didn ’t
foree what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collap of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raid rious questions about about both both both V V ermont ermont Y Y ankee’s ankee’s safety safety safety and and and Entergy’s Entergy’s Entergy’s management–management– especially especially after after after the the the company company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the V ermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.
Now Now the company the company is suddenly claiming claiming that that that the the the 2002 2002 2002 agreement agreement agreement is is is invalid invalid invalid becau becau becau of of of the the
2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the ca are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority authority over over over nuclear nuclear nuclear power, power, power, legal legal legal scholars scholars scholars say say say that that that V V ermont ermont ca will ca will offer offer a a
范玮
precedent-tting test of how far tho powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state ts its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.
The company ems to have concluded that its reputation in V ermont is already so damaged
that it has nothing left to lo by going to war with the state. But there should be conquences. Permission Permission to to to run run run a a a nuclear nuclear nuclear plant plant plant is is is a a a public public public trust. trust. trust. Entergy runs Entergy runs 1 11 other other other reactors reactors reactors in in in the the the United United
States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the comp
any has has applied applied applied for for for federal federal federal permission permission permission to to to keep keep keep it it it open open open for for for another another another 20 20 20 years. years. years. But But But as as as the the the Nuclear Nuclear Regulatory Regulatory Commission Commission Commission (NRC) (NRC) (NRC) reviews reviews reviews the company’s the company’s application, application, it it it should should should keep keep keep it it it mind what mind what promis from Entergy are worth.
文章出处：文章出处：
/2011-04-24/bostonglobe/29469298_1_nuclear-power-plant-vermon
t-yankee-older-reactors
题目为：V ermont Y ankee plant ’s owner must honor its own promis
这篇文章的主题是从一个公司的违约事件引出对于地方和联邦司法权力的讨论。这篇文章的主题是从一个公司的违约事件引出对于地方和联邦司法权力的讨论。 26. The phra “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is clost in meaning to
短语“reneging on ” 最接近那个意思：最接近那个意思：
[A] condemning.
谴责谴责
[B] reaffirming.
树木图片再次确认再次确认
[C] dishonoring.
无烟日
不守信用不守信用
[D] curing.
安全安全
解析：词意题：A deal is a deal 之后出现except ，表明前后相反；还有一次题眼：
commitment to abide by ；前面出现；前面出现provoked justified outrage ，一个是正当的愤怒，一个是守承诺，那么，一个是正当的愤怒，一个是守承诺，那么中间就只能是不受承诺了。答案为[C] dishonoring.
27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to
同意2002年的协议，Entergy 公司希望：公司希望：
[A] obtain protection from V ermont regulators.
获得V ermont 监管者的保护监管者的保护
[B] ek favor from the federal legislature.
寻求联邦立法机关的帮助寻求联邦立法机关的帮助
[C] acquire an extension of its business licen .
要求延长商业执照的有效期要求延长商业执照的有效期
[D] get permission to purcha a power plant.
获得购买一个电厂的许可获得购买一个电厂的许可
解析：细节题解析：细节题 根据题干对应文中The The conflict
conflict conflict has has has been been been surfacing surfacing surfacing since since since 2002, 2002, 2002, when when when the the corporation bought V e rmont ermont ’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in V
ernon. 冲突从2002年开始就出现了，那个时候公司购买了V ermont 唯一的一家核电站；在V ernon 的一家很旧的反应堆。的一家很旧的反应堆。
As a a condition condition of of receiving receiving state approval for the the sale, sale, the company agreed to ek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012.
作为获得州政府购买批准的条件，公司同意在2012年以后的运营需要征得州监管者的同意。2002 agreement 对应the company agreed to ；intended to 对应As a condition of 因此答案为：receiving state approval for the sale ；[D] get permission to purcha a power plant.完美替换。换。
28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy ems to have problems with its
根据第四段，Entergy 存在哪些方面的问题：存在哪些方面的问题：
[A] managerial practices.
管理实践管理实践
[B] technical innovativeness.
技术创新技术创新
[C] financial goals.
财务目标财务目标
[D] business vision
经营愿景经营愿景
解析：细节题：A string of accidents, including the partial collap of a cooling tower in 2007 and and the the the discovery discovery discovery of of of an an an underground underground underground pipe pipe pipe system system system leakage, leakage, leakage, raid raid raid rious rious rious questions questions questions about about about both both
V ermont Y ankee ’s safety and Entergy ’s management
一系列的事故，包括2007年冷凝塔的部分坍塌，发现地下管道系统的泄露，这些都引
起了对于V ermont Yankee 安全和公司管理的强烈关注。安全和公司管理的强烈关注。
所以答案应该是[A] managerial practices.
29. In the author’s view, the V ermont ca will test英语短故事
作者认为V ermont 的案例将会测试：的案例将会测试： [A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promis.
Entergy 履行其承诺的能力履行其承诺的能力
[B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.
世界上最大的船各州临散规定的成熟程度各州临散规定的成熟程度
[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .
对于核问题的联邦权威对于核问题的联邦权威
[D] the limits of states’power over nuclear issues. 对于核问题各州权力的局限性对于核问题各州权力的局限性
解析：细节题：对应句子：whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory regulatory authority authority authority over over over nuclear nuclear nuclear power, power, power, legal legal legal scholars scholars scholars say say say that that that V V ermont ermont c c a a will will will offer offer offer a a precedent-tting test of how far tho powers extend.
但是最高法院判定各州确实有一些对于核电站的调控权力，法律学者说这个案例将提供先例设定的测试，决定这些权力能扩展多远。先例设定的测试，决定这些权力能扩展多远。
作者的观点借用legal scholars 之口说出来这在以前的文章中也是多次提到，KK 经常讲的这是作者的代言人。的这是作者的代言人。
30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
从最后一段中可以推知：从最后一段中可以推知：
[A] Entergy’s business elwhere might be affected.
Entergy ’s 在其他地方的生意可能会受到影响在其他地方的生意可能会受到影响
[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.
NRC 的权威会受到挑衅的权威会受到挑衅
[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.
Entergy 会撤回其在Plymouth 的申请的申请
[D] V ermont’s reputation might be damaged.
V ermont 的名誉会遭到破坏的名誉会遭到破坏
解析：段落推理题。重点对于段落中心和转折。这里没有中心却有转折The The company
company ems to have concluded that its reputation in V ermont is already so damaged that it has nothing left to lo by going to war with the state. But there should be conquences.
公司似乎可以得出结论其在vermont 的名誉已经受到破坏了，所以它已经没有任何东西可以丢失了，
可以丢失了，于是可以和州政府开战了。于是可以和州政府开战了。于是可以和州政府开战了。但是这是有后果的。但是这是有后果的。但是这是有后果的。后面句子开始描述其在其他州后面句子开始描述其在其他州
的生意，可以知道对应答案，常见的转折推理：且出现might; might; kk
kk 很确信大家能选出这个答案！案！
