二十世纪三四十年代甘肃地方政治的重构
中文摘要
二十世纪三四十年代是甘肃历史发展过程中的重要阶段,这一时期,甘肃的各项事业都有前所未有的发展,社会经济结构与工业化水平也在这一时期有较大的改善与进步,社会政治秩序在抗战建国的大背景下渐趋稳定,地方政治在这一阶段得以重新构建。
然而三十年代之前的甘肃则一直处于军阀割据的分裂状态。民国肇始,各种政治势力在甘肃盘根错节,由于中央政治权威的衰微,地方各种势力割地自雄,长期战乱,从而使本已民不聊生的甘肃雪上加霜。先是甘肃的封建官僚集团、地方军阀、进步士绅、哥老会等各种势力的争夺与较量,接着又是北洋军阀对甘肃十年多统治,政治更加混乱,之后甘肃的政权又被冯玉祥的国民军把持六年之久,尽管国民军采取了许多行之有效的治理措施,但是苛捐杂税仍然难以消除,民众负担依然非常沉重。
抗战对于甘肃是一次历史机缘,因为在抗战的旗帜下,各种力量实现了空前的团结,各种政治派别不得不捐弃前嫌,一致抗敌,这就为国民政府加强对甘肃的控制与治理创造了有利条件,便利了各项政策的推行。所以,甘肃地方政府能够比较顺利的推行各项措施,从县等的划分到新县制的推行,从地方自治到战时保甲,从基层政权建设到省级行政革新,从党团组织的加强到警政改革,从平时的舆论宣传到常规的学校教育,各项制度都得以重新构建,使甘肃成为抗战胜利的后方保障,当然甘肃各界也为抗战做
大脑功能分区出了巨大牺牲,付出了沉重代价。
可是这样的局面没有持续多久,抗战结束后,国民政府对甘肃的重视程度大大削弱,逐渐的,甘肃地方与国民党中央政权渐行渐远,国民政府亦失去了基层民众的信任与支持,致使国民党政权失掉了甘肃,丢掉了大西北,最终导致政权彻底垮台。
关键词:二十世纪三四十年代,甘肃,地方政治,整合与重构
兰趔叁堂堡±堂丝丝塞二±世丝三四』:堡』S笪童丝壅堕丝笪重丝PoliticalReconstructioninGansuDuring1930sand1940s
大会发言稿
Abstract
辐射表Theperiodbetween1930sand1940sisacriticalstageinGansu’Shistory,withallthe
inGansuenjoyingunprecedenteddevelopment,andsocialandeconomicstructureasundertakings
wellasindustrializationhighlyimproved.Inthebackgroundofwarofresistanceand
andpoliticalbecomestable,andlocalpoliticswasrebuilt.不要跟陌生人说话
nation—building,Gansu’Ssocial
Before1930s,however,Gansuhasbeendividedbywarlordism.IntheearlierpedodoftheRepublicofChina(1912-1949),variouspoliticalforcesinGansuintertwined.Duetothedeclineofcentralpoliticalauthority,localpoliticalforceskeptcedingterritoryandfightingwitheach
Gansualltheworse.Gansu’politicswentallthemorechaoticwithf'wstother,makingmiserable
thescramblebetweenforcessuchasfeudalbureaucrats,localwarlords,progressivegentryandElderBrothers,thentheNorthernWarlords’(1912—1927)reignofGansuformorethanadecadeandthenFbngYuxia
ng’SdominationofGansuforsixyears.DespiteanumberofeffectiveadministrationmeasuresadoptedbyNationalArmy,itWasstilldifficulttoeliminateexorbitanttaxesandlevies,andthepeopleremainedheavilyburdened.
对领导个人的意见建议TheWarofResistanceisahistoricopportunityforGansuforitisunderthebanneroftheWarofResistancethatallforcesachievedanunprecedentedunity,andvariouspoliticalfactionshadtoburythehatchetandresisttheenemytogether,whichcreatedadvantagesforNationalGovernmenttoruleGansuandtotakemeasures.Therefore,Gansugovernmentcouldsmoothlycarryoutvariousmeasuresrangingfromthedivisionofcountiestotheimplementationofnewcountysystem,fromlocalself-governmenttOneighborhoodadministrativesystem,fromtheconstructiono
fgrassrootspoliticalpowertothereformofprovincialpolitics,fromthestrengtheningofPartyorganizationtothereformofthepoliceandpoliticsandfrompropagandatoschooleducation,allofwhichmadeGansuasafeguardforthevictoryoftheWarofResistance.Ofcourse,Gansumadeagreatsacrificeforthiswar.
Butthissituationdidn’tlasttoolong.AftertheWarofResistance,theNationalGovernment
betweenGansuprovinceandcentralpaiddecreasingattentiontoGansu.Thedistance泰国历史>文明用语有哪些
administrationgraduallywentlarger,andtheNationalGovernmentalsolostthetrustandsupportofgrassrootspeople,whichresultedinthecollapseofKMTbecauseitlostGansuandeventheNorthwest.
Keywords:from1930sto1940s,Gansu,localpolitics,integrationandreconstract
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