2012英语考研试题
Section I U of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choo the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Read the following text. Choo the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like Yet， in veral instances， justices acted in ways that _3_ the court's reputation politicians. Y et
for being independent and impartial.
Justice Antonin Scalia， for example， appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justice
s are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least， the court should make itlf _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.
This and other similar cas _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.二年级日记大全
The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ tho in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to t law apart from politics precily becau they are so cloly _14_.
law is political becau it results from choices rooted in fundamental social Constitutional l aw
_15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions， the law it
is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _16_ is inescapably political-which i s
未来之宰_17_ as unjust.
The justices must _18_ doubts about the court's legitimacy by making themlves _19_ to the
，code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be en as parate from politics and _20_， convincing as law.
1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize
2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless
3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated
4. [A]challenged [B]compromid [C]suspected [D] accepted
5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded
6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone
7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies
株的组词8. [A]evade [B]rai [C]deny [D]ttle
9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict
10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards
11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though
12. [A]rve [B]satisfy [C]upt [D]replace
13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer
14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied
15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions
16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls
17. [A]dismisd [B]relead [C]ranked [D]distorted
18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore
19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable
20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a result脱贫攻坚成果
低调奋进Section II Reading Comprehension
奔涌
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Come on -Everybody's doing it. That whispered message， half invitation and half forcing，
is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking， drugs and casual x. But in her new book Join the Club， Tina Ronberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure， in which organizations and officials u the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.
Ronberg， the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize， offers a host of example of the social cure
in action： In South Carolina， a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haz
e ts out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa， an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe x among their peers.
of the lameness
Her critique o f The idea ems promising，and Ronberg i s
is a perceptive o brver.
辣子炒鸡蛋obrver. H er
of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on： they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits，and they demonstrate a riously flawed understanding of psychology.“ Dare to be different， plea don't smoke！”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers， who desire nothing more than fitting in. Ronberg argues convincingly advocates ought to take a page from advertirs， so skilled at applying peer that public-health a dvocates
pressure.
But on the general effectiveness of the social cure， Ronberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is f
观赏鱼的种类illed with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's prented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes
is limited and mixed.
There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of rearch shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure： we unconsciously imitate the behavior we e every day.
can lect our peer
experts and bureaucrats c an Far less certain， however， is how successfully e xperts
groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside： in the real world， as in school， we insist on choosing our own friends.
21. According to the first paragraph， peer pressure often emerges as
[A] a supplement to the social cure
[B] a stimulus to group dynamics
[C] an obstacle to school progress
[D] a cau of undesirable behaviors
22. Ronberg holds that public advocates should
[A] recruit professional advertirs
[B] learn from advertirs' experience
[C] stay away from commercial advertirs
[D] recognize the limitations of advertiments
23. In the author's view， Ronberg's book fails to
[A] adequately probe social and biological factors
[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure
[C] illustrate the functions of state funding
[D]produce a long-lasting social effect
24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors
[A] is harmful to our networks of friends
[B] will mislead behavioral studies
[C] occurs without our realizing it
[D] can produce negative health habits
25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is
[A] harmful
[B] desirable
[C] profound
[D] questionable
Text 2
The company， a major energy
A deal is a deal-except， apparently ，when Entergy i s
is involved. T he
supplier in New England， provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regu lations.
Instead， the company has done precily what it had long promid it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont's rules in the federal court， as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It's a stunning move.
The conflict has been surfacing since 2002， when the corporation bought Vermont's only nuclear power plant， an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale， the company agreed to ek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006， the state went a step further， requiring that any extension of the plant's licen be subject to Vermont legislature's approval. Then， too， the company went along.
