官场规则2020年托福阅读官方评分标准
新托福阅读考试共三篇文章,每篇12-14道题,如果遇到加试时从考试的五篇文章中随机选取三篇计分。在这三篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的“total points”。除重要观点题和归类题以外，每道题的分值都是1分。重要观点题的分值可能是2分。归类题为3或4分。考试所得分数范围：0-30分。
正确题目个数 | 得分 | 正确题目个数 | 得分 | 正确题目个数 | 得分 | 正确题目个数 | 得分 |
10 | 3 | 21 | 8 | 32 | 18 | 45 | 30 |
9 | 2 | 20 | 8 | 31 | 17 | 44 | 29 |
8 | 2 | 19 | 7 | 30 | 16 | 13 | 29 |
7 | 1 | 18 | 昆明景点地图 7 | 29 | 16 | 42 | 28 |
6 | 1 | 17 | 6 | 28 | 15 | 41 | 27 |
5 | 0 | 16 | 6 | 27 | 14 | 40 | 26 |
4 | 0 | 15 | 5 | 26 | 我和公狗13 | 39 | 怀孕腰疼怎么办25 |
3 | 0 | 14 | 5 | 25 | 12 | 38 | 24 |
2 | 0 | 13 | 4 | 24 | 11 | 37 | 23 |
云裳仙子是什么花1 | 0 | 12 | 4 | 23 | 10 | 36 | 22 |
33 | 19 | 中华通史11 | 3 | 22 | 9 | 35 | 21 |
| | | | | | 财考网34 | 20 |
| | | | 徐惊雷 | | | |
托福阅读应该计算实际拿到多少原始分“Raw Point Total(0-45)”，再参照评分表，计算最后的分数(0-30)。不同版本的试卷因难度不同有不同的转换标准，所以新托福阅读是没有固定的评分表的。
每篇文章700个字，对应14道题目。其中，13道题是基础信息和推断题，每道题1分。最后一道题是小结题，俗称大题，满分2分。大题一般情况下是6选3，3个选项错一个扣一分，扣完为止，即在答题中错2或3个选项，这个题目不得分。
因此，每篇文章对应14个题目，共15分。阅读部分整体42道题，对应原始分数满分45分。根据如下表格，将会给出原始分数与最终分数的对应。
托福阅读TPO33第2篇:铁路和商品化农业
Railroads and Commercial Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century United States
【1】By 1850 the United States possd roughly 9,000 miles of railroad track; Ten years later it had over 30,000 miles, more than the rest of the world combined. Much of the new construction during the 1850s occurred west of the Appalachian Mountains—ove
r 2,000 miles in the states of Ohio and Illinois alone.
【2】The effect of the new railroad lines rippled outward through the economy. Farmers along the tracks began to specialize in corps that they could market in distant locations. With their profits they purchad manufactured goods that earlier they might have made at home. Before the railroad reached Tenne, the state produced about 25,000 bushels (or 640 tons) of wheat, which sold for less than 50 cents a bushel. Once the railroad came, farmers in the same counties grew 400,000 bushels (over 10,000 tons) and sold their crop at a dollar a bushel.
【3】The new railroad networks shifted the direction of western trade. In 1840 most northwestern grain was shipped south down the Mississippi River to the bustling port of New Orleans. But low water made steamboat travel hazardous in summer, and ice shut down traffic in winter. Products such as lard, tallow, and chee quickly spoiled if stored in New Orleans’ hot and humid warehous. Increasingly, traffic from the Midwest flowed west to east, over the new rail lines. Chicago became the region’s hub, linking the farms
of the upper Midwest to New York and other eastern cities by more than 2,000 miles of track in 1855. Thus while the value of goods shipped by river to New Orleans continued to increa, the South’s overall share of western trade dropped dramatically.
【4】A sharp ri in demand for grain abroad also encouraged farmers in the Northeast and Midwest to become more commercially oriented. Wheat, which in 1845 commanded $1.08 a bushel in New York City, fetched $2.46 in 1855; in similar fashion the price of corn nearly doubled. Farmers responded by specializing in cash crops, borrowing to purcha more land, and investing in equipment to increa productivity.
【5】As railroad lines fanned out from Chicago, farmers began to acquire open prairie land in Illinois and then Iowa, putting the fertile, deep black soil into production. Commercial agriculture transformed this remarkable treeless environment. To ttlers accustomed to eastern woodlands, the thousands of square miles of tall grass were an awesome sight. Indian grass, Canada wild rye, and native big bluestem all grew higher than a person. Becau eastern plows could not penetrate the denly tangled roots of pr
airie grass, the earliest ttlers erected farms along the boundary parating the forest from the prairie. In 1837, however, John Deere patented a sharp-cutting steel plow that sliced through the sod without soil sticking to the blade. Cyrus McCormick refined a mechanical reaper that harvested fourteen times more wheat with the same amount of labor. By the 1850s McCormick was lling 1,000 reapers a year and could not keep up with demand, while Deere turned out 10,000 plows annually.
【6】The new commercial farming fundamentally altered the Midwestern landscape and the environment. Native Americans had grown corn in the region for years, but never in such large fields as did later ttlers who became farmers, who surplus were shipped east. Prairie farmers also introduced new crops that were not part of the earlier ecological system, notably wheat, along with fruits and vegetables.
【7】Native grass were replaced by a small number of plants cultivated as commodities. Corn had the best yields, but it was primarily ud to feed livestock. Becau bread played a key role in the American and European diet, wheat became the major cash crop. Tame grass replaced native grass in pastures for making hay.
【8】Western farmers altered the landscape by reducing the annual fires that had kept the prairie free from trees. In the abnce of the fires, trees reappeared on land not in cultivation and, if undisturbed, eventually formed woodlots. The earlier unbroken landscape gave way to independent farms, each fenced off in a preci checkerboard pattern. It was an artificial ecosystem of animals, woodlots, and crops, who large, uniform layout made western farms more efficient than the more-irregular farms in the East.
托福阅读TPO33题目第2篇:铁路和商品化农业
1.According to paragraph 1, each of the following is true about railroad track in the United States EXCEPT:
A.In 1850 the United States had less than 10,000 miles of railroad track.
B.By the end of the 1850s, Ohio and Illinois contained more railroad track than any other state in the country.
C.Much of the railroad track built in the United States during the 1850s was located west of the Appalachian Mountain.
D.By 1860 there were more miles of railroad track in the United States than in any other country.
2.It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the new railroads had which of the following effects on farm communities?
A.Most new farms were located along the tracks.
B.Farmers began to grow wheat as a commercial corp.
C.Many farmers decided to grow a wider variety of crops.
