倒装句讲解
•英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。
•将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。
•倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装（full inversion）；
•而只将be 、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装（partial inversion）
一、完全倒装
1. There be结构。另外，在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, em, happen, appear, live, ri, stand等。如:
生命源泉There stood a dog before him.
There exist different opinions on this question.
2 (1).在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。
“Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语" 结构
例如：
Here comes the old lady!
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
There comes the bus.
Now comes your turn.
如果主语是人称代词，就不用倒装。如:
Here you are.
There she comes.
(2). 表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首，要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词，就不用倒装。如:
In came Mr. White.
Up went the arrow into the air.
Away went the boy.
(3).当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the hou, in the middle of the room等)在句首时。
At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.
The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag.
East of the lake lie two towns.
Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.
3."分词(代词) + be + 主语"结构。如:
Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.
Such was the story he told me.
二、部分倒装
长睫毛的小窍门部分倒装是把b e动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词，要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等，而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。
1. 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。
这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, ldom(很少，不常）, rarely（很少，罕有）, hardly, scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）, no sooner（立即）, not only, in no way（决不）, at no time, few, not, no等, 如:
I said not a word to him.
→Not a word did I say to him.
I have never found him so happy.
→Never have I found him so happy.
I can't swim. Neither can he.
No sooner had he gone to bed than he
fell asleep.
2. only + 状语放在句首，要部分倒装。如:
带天字的男孩名字
Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)
Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)
3. so或so引导的短语放在句首，要部分倒装。如:
I saw the film, so did she.
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
4. "Not only + 分句,but also + 分句"句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。如:
Not only does John love Chine, he is also good at speaking it.
但连接主语时，不倒装。如:
Not only the mother but also the children are sick.
5. Not until放在句首，从句不倒装，主句倒装。如:
Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句)
Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句) 6. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中，要用部分倒装结构。如:
Many a time has John given me good advice.
Often have we made that test.
7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里
•May you succeed!
•Long live the People’s Republic of China!
巧记倒装句
在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）中，到底应在何处倒装，不少初学者觉得难以掌握。下面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形式。
NB前倒后不倒，
O，NU主倒从不倒，
2N前倒后也倒，
NM前后均不倒。
①NB代表Not only…，but also…引导的并列句。not only位于句首时，所引导的前面
的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒”。如：
1）Not only did he come，but also he was very happy．
2）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ，but also his German citizenship（was taken away）．
②O代表only＋状语从句；NU代表Not until＋状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装
从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如：
1）Only when he told me did I know it．
2）Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted．
No sooner…than…，Hardly／Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。如：
No sooner（Hardly）had we reached home than（when）it began to rain．
③2N代表Neither…nor…所引导的并列句。2N若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。即
“前倒后也倒”。如：
Neither do I know her name，nor does he.
一片树叶的故事>三叶青的功效与作用及食用方法
④NM即No matter…引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前后均不倒”。如：
No matter how busy he is，he always comes to help us．
模拟卷相关练习
•2（31）
•4（34）
•12 (6)
•13 (29) (35)
•15 (20)
主谓一致
谓语动词要用单数的情况：
1.动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
< Growing flowers needs constant watering.
2. news, politics, physics, mathematics, plastics
等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语时，
谓语动词用单数。
学科名称的名词或国名、地名、书名、组织机构
等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
No news is good news.
3.表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间、体积等意义
的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。
< Eight hours of sleep is enough.
4. more than one/many a + 单数名词作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常用单数。(形单意复)
More than one student has tried.
5. each/every/many a + 单数名词and
each/every/many a + 单数名词
作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Many a boy and many a girl has en the painting.
第二个each, every, many a 可以省略。交际英语
谓语动词单、复数要视情况而定的情形：
6.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数，但由and连接的并列成分但指的是同一概念或一个人的双重身份时谓语动词为单数。
< The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家)
< The worker and writer is from Beijing.
(那个工人兼作家)
7. 当主语是class, family, army, team, club, crowd, majority, audience, government, public, group, band 等集合名词时，如果该集合名词表示一个组织或单位的概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果该集合名词表示组织或单位里一些个体的概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
< His family is in Harbin.
< His family are music lovers.
8. glass, shoes, scissors，trours, chopsticks,
等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但前面有a pair of,
this/that pair of, a suit of等时，谓语动词用单数形式。
< This pair of trours is very dirty.
< Her trours are being washed now.
当主语是congratulations, earnings, remains, goods,
belongings, clothes等一类词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
< The goods belong to Mr. Wang.
9. population 做主语指人口，谓语用单数；
但指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数；
分数/百分数+ of the population做主语，谓语用复数。
< The population of the village is 538.
< One third of the population here are workers.
10.a number of +可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数，
意思是“许多……”。
the number of + 可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数，
意思是“……的数量”。
11. a quantity of
+可数名词复数/不可数名词
quantities of
给我一点时间
a quantity of +可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。
a quantity of +不可数名词，谓语用单数。
quantities of +可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。
quantities of +不可数名词，谓语动词用复数。
< Quantities of tea were sold last month.
< A large quantity of beer was sold out.
12.
half
most
enough
part
the rest
the last +of +名词作主语
lots
some
plenty
分数
百分数
谓语动词要和of 之后的名词保持一致。
Two-thirds of the people prent are against the plan.
Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.
13.当用…or… / either…or… / neither…nor… / not only…but also… / not…but…等连接句子主语时，谓语动词和与其最邻近的主语的单、复数形式保持一致（就近一致原则）。
Neither I nor he is to attend the meeting.
14.当there be/ here be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语动词单、复数应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
< There is a pen, a knife and veral去痘痕
books on the desk..
15.主语后跟with / along with / together with /like / unlike / besides / but / except / including /as well as / rather than / more than / no less than +名词”结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。
< The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.
16.“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构，如果one前面没有限定词，这个句型中的“复数名词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果one前面有the，the only, the right等限定词修饰，则one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。
< John is the only one of the students who has the keys.
17. the＋adj./ v-ed / v- ing作主语时，代表整个类别，谓语动词要用复数。如：the + dying, young, old, blind, rich, sick, wounded, poor及dead等词。
< The old in China are living a happy life.
应用文
•闪光词汇及词组：
•launch: v. 开始，启动
•fluency: n. 流利
•Mandarin: n. 普通话
•guarantee: v. 保证
•meet the requirement: 符合要求
•enthusiastic: adj. 热情的
•reflect: v. 反映
•be competent for: 胜任（某项工作）
•万能句型：
•I am writing to express my great
•I would like to apply as a qualified candidate.
•As I am an
•I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
1. wish 的宾语从句
现在: 过去时（were）
