牛津译林版必修第三册知识点汇总
Unit1 Nature in the balance
Vocabulary and the whole unit
play a significant role in 起重要作用
ecosystem n.生态系统
continent n．大陆，陆地；洲
with an area of 面积是……
length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长
one in ten 十个中有一个，十分之一
species n．种，物种
water lily 睡莲
variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，体
wildlife n．野生动植物，野生生物
beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上
survive vi.生存，存活v爱梅t.幸存，幸免于难
feed on 以……为食
in turn 相应地，转而
inct n．昆虫
break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
nutrient n．营养素，营养物
breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力
carbon n．碳
oxygen n．氧，氧气
thus adv.因此，从而；这样
agriculture n．农业，农学
cattle n．牛
impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi & vt.有影响；冲击
in danger of 处于……危险中
extinction n．灭绝，绝种
Focus on language points
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
2．long adj.长的，长时间的→length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长
3．survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难→野草读后感survival n．残存物；幸存事物→survivor n．幸存者；生还者
正确的爱情观4．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失；失踪
5．agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的
1．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
警告安全①I was impresd by the variety of dishes on offer.不同种类
②We want more variety in our work.变化，多样性
③Apples come in a great many varieties.变种励志霸气古诗词，变体
2．living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n．生计，谋生；生活方式
①Father never talked about what he did for a living.生计
②Chine is one of the most beautiful languages that is living in the world.在使用的
③He is the finest living pianist that I have ever en.活着的
Words and Phras
1 harm n．& vt.伤害，损害
(教材P1)The human race has done much harm.
人类已经造成了许多危害。
[例1] What should be done to punish people who do harm to the animals?
应该做些什么来惩罚那些伤害动物的人呢？
[例2] Too much direct sunlight will harm the plants.
过多的阳光直射会损害植物。
[造句] 他们对热带雨林造成了严重危害。
They did rious harm to tropical rainforest.
[知识拓展]
(1)do sb./sth.harm＝do harm to sb./sth.对……有害
There is no harm (in)doing sth. 做某事并无害处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be 对……有害
(3)harmless adj. 无害的
2怀孕能吃柿子吗 variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
(教材P3)The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。
[例1] We all need variety in our diet.
我们都需要饮食多样化。
[例2] I'm always plead to try out a new variety.
我一直乐于尝试新品种。
[造句] 我们有各种款式和尺码的货品。
We stock a wide variety of styles and sizes.
[归纳拓展]
(1)a variety of＝varieties of ＝various各种各样的；不同种类的
(2)vary v. 变化多；变化；使多样化
从……到……不等；
在……到……之间变动
随……而变动
3 survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难
(教材P3)While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
阴囊潮湿吃什么药好
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
[例1] Is it enough to have survived for a long time?
能保存很长一段时间就足够了吗？
[例2] I can't survive on ￡20 a week.
我每周靠20英镑难以生存。
[造句] 很多鸟死于这次严冬。
Many birds didn't survive the vere winter.
[归纳拓展]
(1)survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on 依靠……生活
survive 比某人多活……
(2)survival n. 生存；幸存
(3)survivor n. 生还者，幸存者
[名师点津] survive作“幸存；幸免于难”解时为及物动词，其后直接接宾语，不用介词in或from。
4 break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
(教材P3)When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质还给大地。
[例1] Peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.
两国之间的和 平谈 判破裂，没有达成协议。
[例2] The computer system broke down suddenly while he was arching for information.
在他搜寻资料时，电脑系统突然坏了。
[造句] 塑料袋很难分解。
Plastic bags are difficult to break down.
[归纳拓展]
break up 破裂，绝交；解散；破碎
break in 闯进；打断
break into 闯入；侵占
break out (战 争、火灾、疫 病等)暴发
break through 突破；冲破；有重要发现
break away from 逃脱；脱离
5 due to 由于，因为
(教材P3)Over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，大约17%的雨林消失了。
[例1] In the north of India，the population is booming due to high birth rates.
在印度北部，由于出生率高，人口正在迅速增长。
[例2] 无意见回复函Due to the widespread u of penicillin，many lives were saved during the war.
正因为青霉素的广泛应用，战 争期间很多生命得以挽救。
[造句] 比赛因下雨而延期。
The game was put off due to the rain.
[归纳拓展]
(1)due adj. 应付的；应得的；适当的；预期的；到期的
