备战2021年高考英语假期提分组合高效练06
（完形填空+阅读理解+语法填空）
一、完形填空
1
Making choices is hard. That would be why rearcher Moran Cerf has 1 it from his life. As a rule, he always choos the cond menu item at a restaurant.
幸福之路This is 2 by his rearch in neuroeconomics(神经经济学)(a somewhat new. divisive field) at Northwestern University. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideas—which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology, including ego depletion out-into a piece of advice that, to 3 happiness, people should "build a life that requires 4 decisions by surrounding themlves with people who posss traits they prefer.
On an instinctive level, Cerf's idea 5 : Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of 6 people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that. 7 consistently ordering the cond menu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he 8 his decision to his dining
partner—which friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts—and always lets them pick.
While it’s 9 what, if any scientific principles underlie tho pieces of advice, there is no shortage of rearch showing that choices can sometimes feel more 10 than liberating. An example from Quanta poits (假设)：If you have a clear love of Snickers(士力架),choosing that over an Almond Joy(杏仁巧克力)or a Milky Way(牛奶巧克力)should be a 11 . And, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows most of the time it is, 12 you introduce more choices.
梦见自己杀死人
When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy) they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20 including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their 13 . When the choices were taken away in later trials, the participants would wonder what caud them to make such a bad decision.
As Quanta details, according to a model called “divisive normalization”(分裂归一化), which has gained some popularity, the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So if you have two things that are clearly 14 brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear. When the choices are comparable, the brain docs its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices 15 that ability out.
1. A. relieved B. relead C. eliminated D. liberated
2. A. influenced B. inherited C. implemented D. informed
3. A. maximize B. balance C. cherish D. ek
4. A. safer B. fewer C. better D. sounder
5. A. stands out B. comes into force C. makes n D. plays a part
6. A. distinguished B. trusted C. authorized D. honored
7. A. in addition to B. instead of C. in spite of D. regardless of
8. A. conveys B. relates C. submits D. limits
9. A. evident B. unclear C. critical D. inevitable
10. A. confusing B. inspiring C. worrying D. appealing
11. A. stressor B. no-brainer C. challenge D. headache
12. A. after B. before C. when D. until
13. A. preference B. struggle C. status D. direction
14. A. impressive B. insignificant C. unique D. distinct
15. A. crowd B. figure C. sort D. put
儒家圣人入党转正思想汇报【答案】1. C2. D3. A4. B5. C6. B7. A8. D9. B10. A11. B12. D13. A14. D15. A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在做决定时心理学理论和大脑的工作过程。选项越少时，人们更容易选择自己喜欢的事物，但当选项变多时，人们往往会偏离自己喜欢的东西。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：做决定是非常困难的，这就是为什么研究者Moran Cerf把把做决定这一活动从他生命中消除的原因。A. relieved解除；B. relead释放；C. eliminated消除；D. liberated解放。分析文章内容可知，后文提到“As a rule, he always choos the cond menu item at a restaurant.”通常来讲，Moran Cerf在餐厅时总是选择菜单第二个选项。由此判断，Moran Cerf已经放弃了选择这个活动，在他的生活中已经不需要选择了。故选C。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是他在西北大学神经经济学，这一较新的研究领域中得出的。A. influ
enced影响；B. inherited继承；C. implemented实施；D. informed通知；了解。分析文章内容可知，Moran Cerf是西北大学的研究员，因此才能根据他的研究得出“Making choices is hard. ”做决定很困难这一结论。故选D。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cerf扩充了他的想法——这些想法借鉴了心理学中一些有争议的想法，包括自我枯竭，他提出了一条建议，即为了使幸福最大化，人们应该多和自己有着相同喜好的人接触以做出更少的决定。A. maximize最大化；B. balance平衡；C. cherish珍惜；D. ek寻求。分析文章内容可知，Cerf 认为做决定是一件很困难的事，而且在他的日常生活中他也尽量避免做决定，从神经经济学的角度来讲，
这会让他生活的幸福感提升。故选A。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Cerf扩充了他的想法——这些想法借鉴了心理学中一些有争议的想法，包括自我枯竭，他提出了一条建议，即为了使幸福最大化，人们应该多和自己有着相同喜好的人接触以做出更少的决定。A. safe安全的；B. fewer更少的；C. better更好的；D. sounder更合理的。后文提到“by surrounding themlves with people who posss traits they prefer.”可以多和与自己有着相同喜好的人接触，喜好相同意味着没有较多的分歧，这样也不需要再做其他额外的决定。故选B。
土豆面5. 考查动词词组辨析。句意：在本能层面上来讲，Cerf的想法是有道理的：人们所做的许多决定都是
来自于社会的压力和周围可信赖人的输入。A. stands out突出；B. comes into force生效；C. makes n有意义；D. plays a part发挥作用。前文提到“On an instinctive level”Cerf在神经经济学领域得出的结论，在人类本能层面上也能说的通。故选C。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在本能层面上来讲，Cerf的想法是有道理的：人们所做的许多决定都是来自于社会的压力和周围可信赖人的输入。A. distinguished尊敬的；B. trusted信任的；C. authorized授权的；
D. honored荣幸的。后文提到“which friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts—and always lets them pick.”在和朋友们吃饭的时候，Cerf也会让他信任的朋友们点餐，由此判断有时候做决定的时候是自己信任的人。故选B。
7. 考查介词词组。句意：除了不断点菜单里的第二项之外，他从来不选择去哪里吃饭。A. in addition to除此之外；B. instead of而不是；C. in spite of尽管；D. regardless of不管。后文提到Cerf在吃饭地点这件事上从来不做选择，说明他除了点菜单上的第二个菜之外不做任何其他的事情。故选A。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反的是，他会把仅有的决定用在决定他的用餐伙伴上——他会决定和哪个朋友一起吃饭，有可能是他信任的朋友——并且总是让他们挑选吃什么。A. conveys传达；B. relates相关；C. submits提交；D. limits限制。分析文章内容可知，Cerf是一个不怎么做决定的人，他
会做决定的事只有吃菜单上的第二项和决定自己和谁一起吃饭，由此判断Cerf只会在某些事情上做决定，即限制自己做决定的情况。故选D。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然目前还不清楚，有什么科学原则作为这些建议的基础。但不乏研究表明，选择有时候会比自由更让人困惑。A. evident显而易见的；B. unclear不确定的；C. critical关键性的；
D. inevitable不可避免的。第二段第三行提到“Cerf has extended his ideas—which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology”，Cerf的研究结果是借鉴了一些具有争议的观点，而不是具有权威性的理论，因此Cerf 这一结果的理论基础是不确定的。故选B。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然目前还不清楚，有什么科学原则作为这些建议的基础。但不乏研究表明，选择有时候会比自由更让人困惑。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. worrying担
心的；D. appealing有吸引力的。分析文章可知，第四、五段提到了一个实验，如果只有三个巧克力的话人们很快就能选出自己喜欢的那一个，但如果有二十个选项的话人们反而不知道选择哪一个，即拥有更多的选项反而会让人无从选择。故选A。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你非常喜欢士力架，那么选择杏仁巧克力还是牛奶巧克力就是一件无需动脑筋的事。A. stressor压力；B. no-brainer无需动脑的事；C. challenge挑战；D. headache头痛。分析文章可知，作为巧克力喜爱者在巧克力选项中二选一应该是一件很简单的事情。故选B。
二月份有什么节日
12. 考查介词辨析。句意：而且，正如神经学家Paul Glimcher在纽约大学进行的一项实验所显示的那样，大多数情况都是这样的，直到引入更多的选择。A. after在……之后；B. before在……之前；C. when 当……时候；D. until直到……才。第五段提到被试者被给出了20个选项来做出选择，在有着20个选项的时候，做决定就变成了一件非常困难的事情。故选D。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被试者在三种巧克力中选择一个最喜欢的时，对他们而言是完全没问题的，但当他们被给予20个选择时，有时候就会偏离他们的喜好。A. preference偏好；B. struggle挣扎；C. status状态；D. direction方向。该段最后一句提到“…make such a bad decision.”被试者会做出非常糟糕的决定，由此判断在选项很多的情况下，会导致人们不会选择自己喜欢的事物，这就导致被试者觉得自己做了一个不好的决定。故选A。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是明显不同的大脑区域参与决策。A. impressive令人印象深刻的；B. insignificant微不足道的；C. unique独特的；D. distinct与众不同的。前文提到“the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options.”大脑选择编码的方式与大脑如何看待所有的选项有很大的关系，即大脑在做不同抉择时所运用的大脑部分是不一样的。故选D。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当选项可比较时，大脑会竭尽其所能专注于两者之间的区别，但当选项变多时，这种能力就会被排斥出来。A. crowd挤；B. figure认为；C. sort整理；分类；D. put放。第四、五段提到，当人们只用在三个选项中做出选择时，很快就能选择出自己喜欢的那一个，但如果在二十多个选项中人们就很难做出很好的选择，即做选择的能力就被削弱了，且此处为固定词组crowd out，意为“挤出；驱逐；排斥”。故选A。
2
One spring, two friends and I sought permission to plant a garden. Our school was located in the downtown area of a l arge city. There wasn’t 16 of a backyard. 17 , it was our garden, a stone-covered dirt parking lot with no extra space. However, we carefully 18 taking into account the area that received the best sunshine.
The three of us 19 the headmaster with our plan for a small area to plant some squash, tomatoes and cucumbers. The only real 20 involved was to rent a rake(耙), a pickax(丁字镐), and a hoe(锄头). However,
21 the headmaster’s permission would still be difficult. We will never forget his 22 to our request. With a slightly bored tilting (偏斜) of his head, he 23 replied, “ You are wasting your time.
Nothing will ever grow there! But go ahead 24 you still want to.”
We had received permission 25 ! So what if it wasn’t enthusiastic? We rented tools, raked four inches of stones into neat walls 26 the garden, raid the pickax and 27 what must have been a former waste area. A gardener dream-dark, rich soil just sitting there 28 to be discovered. We looked at each other, repeating together: “Ah, nothing will grow there.” As you might have 29 by now, things did grow there in our garden.
Have you ever 30 that way about your life-Nothing will grow there… Have you felt 31 about your life’s pro gress? Worried about crop failure? Disappointed that nothing good ever ems to 32 ? Don’t believe that “Nothing will grow there”. It’s never too 33 to be who you might have been. You may not always e the 34 for growth, but it is there. All the rich soil you need may be left just 35 the surface, but can only be discovered after you begin digging.
16. A. more B. little C. much D. less
冈仁波齐电影17. A. Suddenly B. Now C. Again D. Actually
18. A. carried out B. laid out C. gave out D. made out
19. A. greeted B. ignored C. approached D. lectured
20. A. cost B. reward C. bargain D. bonus
21. A. allowing B. getting C. granting D. adopting
22. A. promi B. tea C. respon D. result
23. A. warmly B. coldly C. readily D. hesitantly
24. A. if B. unless C. even if D. as if
25. A. at most B. at least C. at first D. at last
26. A. parating B. tting C. establishing D. outlining
27. A. carved B. landed C. struck D. smoothed
28. A. waiting B. staring C. glancing D. lying
29. A. wished B. guesd C. liked D. planned
四大名著读书小报
30. A. lost B. made C. followed D. felt
31. A. discouraged B. excited C. puzzled D. awkward
32. A. go up B. bring up C. come up D. pile up
33. A. hard B. easy C. early D. late
