Unit 1 Good Friends大手拉小手图片
一、语法
Direct and Indirect Speech(1)
直接引语和间接引语
1.直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。
eg: "I broke your CD player."(一般过去时改成过去完成时)
He told me he had broken my CD player.
Jenny said,"I have lost a book."(现在完成时改成过去完成时)
Jenny said she had lost a book.
Mum said,"I’ll go to e a friend."(一般将来时改成过去将来时)
Mum said she would go to e a friend.
He said,"We hadn't finished our homework."(过去完成时保留原有的时态)
He said they hadn't finished their homework.
好运连连到注意：直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。
2.在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：
Mary said,"My brother is an engineer."
Mary said her brother was and engineer.
3.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：
He said,"Can you run, Mike?"
He asked Mike whether/if he could run.
4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth”句型。如：
"Pass me the water, plea."said he.
He asked him to pass her the water.
5.直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如：
She said,"Let’s go to the cinema."
She suggested going to the cinema.(或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.)
二、聚焦高频考点
1.倒装句型：前句为肯定句，后句用so+谓语+主语，意为“某人也……”。如：
She likes dogs. So do I.
前句为否定句，后句用neither/nor+谓语+主语，意为“某人也不……”。如：
The girl has no brothers or sisters. Neither/Nor have I.
2.lonely, alone和lone桦树茸有什么作用
alone=by onelf, without others
lonely=unhappy becau one is always away from his family or friends，“孤独地”“寂寞的”，暗示主观上的“孤独”“寂寞”，渴望有伴。也可以表示“地方的荒凉”。
lone也有“孤独的，孤零零的一个”，作定语。
eg: I'm alone but I'm not lonely.
I can e only one lone star in the cloudy sky.
leave sth alone表示“不去理会，不要去管某事”。如：
Leave me alone!别理我!
Let alone“更不用说”。如：
He can't speak Japane, let alone write it.
作形容词时，alone不能与very连用, 而与much连用，即说much alone或very much alone或all alone；而lonely可与very连用：very lonely.
The old man treated the orphan as his own son.
“把某人看作……”有以下几种说法：
regard sb as ...=consider sb as ...=think of sb as ...
“把……误当作……”: take ... for ...如：
People sometimes take a rope for a snake.
4.care about表示“关心，计较，在乎”，一般用于否定句。如：
I don't care about going to the cinema.
care for表示“关心，照料，喜欢”，如：
重庆小学开学时间She cared more for new clothes than for anything el.
5.make friends with sb.和……人交朋友。如：
We have made a lot of friends with the different people all over the world.
6.hunt for“竭力寻找”，在很多情况下，look for与arch for或hunt for互换。如：
I hunted for the missing book everywhere.
be after表示“搜寻”“寻找”的状态，不指具体的动作。如：
That's what I am after.
7.such as用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，有时可与like互换，但such as用于列举时可分开使用。而for example一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首句中或句末。
My brother likes collecting different kinds of things, such as coins, books.
三、常用词语和句型
1.be into sth.对……感兴趣，非常喜欢……(非正式英语)
eg: I'm not into classical music.
2.be fond of酷爱，非常喜欢，与enjoy相近，比like感情强。
eg: In his life, he is fond of English.
3.boring主语为物，如：
The book is boring.
bored主语为人，如：
He is bored.
4.survive幸存；活下来；残存；继续存在。
He survived the traffic accident.
Only three hundred hous survived the earthquake in that city.
survive作不及物动词，表示“残存；留传”的意思。
The custom still survives in that small village.
四、日常交际用语
Hi there. I'm Joe.
I enjoy singing.
I hate hiking and I'm not into classical music.
I'm fond of dancing.
I'm (not) sure that ...
Perhaps ...
He/She thinks that ... is boring/terrible.
Unit 2 English around the world
一、语法
Direct and Indirect Speech(2)
不定式在间接引语中的运用
大语文观祈使句变为间接引语时要将祈使句中的动词原形改为不定式，并在不定式前加上动词ask/tell/order等；若直接引语中的祈使句表示的是命令的口气，间接引语用tell/order; 若祈使句是否定式，则在不定式前加否定词not, 即tell/order sb. not to do sth.如："Don't smoke in the room,"he said.
He told me not to smoke in the room.
若直接引语中表示的是请求的口气，间接引语用ask，如：
"Plea give the bird clean water every day."My friend said.
My friend asked me to give the bird clean water every day.
"Could you help me with my homework?"she said.
She asked me to help her with her homework.
当直接引语是疑问句时，在转变为间接引语时，应运用疑问词+不定式，在句中作宾语。如："When shall we start?"he asked.
He wanted to know when to start.
气象日二、聚焦高频考点
1.a great/good many+可数名词的复数形式，如：
There are a great many Indian words in American English.
a number of+可数名词的复数形式，如：
A number of teachers and students take an active part in the match.
the number of中的number指“总数量”，与复数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。如：The number of the Doctor and Masters in this primary school is only 20.
except for用于非同类事物，它的宾语与前述对象不属同类。
eg: The essay is generally good except for some spelling mistakes.
but for=without表示“要不是……”。一般放在句首，表达语气是虚拟的，主句也用虚拟。如：
But for the Party, we would never get a good life.
except和besides用于肯定句时，except表示“除……之外（不再有）”强调除去部分；besides表示“除……之外（还有）”强调还包括的部分。如：
We all went hiking except Jack.(Jack不去)
We all went hiking besides Jack.(Jack也去)
except, besides, but用于否定句时可互换，如：
Nobody could get the certification except/besides/but you.
谓语是do时，except/but后的不定式省去to. 如：
He did nothing but/except stay at home all day.
But前没有do时，but后不定式要带to，如：
We have no choice but to wait.
3.定语从句中关系代词只能用that的情况
1)先行词是all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。如：
That is all that I want to tell you.
2)先行词被all, few, any, every, little, no, some修饰时。如：
I have finished every book (that) my teacher lent me.
3)被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，如：
The cond lesson that she learned will never be forgotten.
4)先行词被only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如：
He is the only one that I want to e.
5)先行词既有人又有物时，如：
We were talking of things and persons that we remembered in the liberated area.
4.as作关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句时，as可作主语，表语，这个定语从句说明或代表整个主句，并可以放在主句之前。如：
团支书的职责
As we all know, English is spoken all around the world.(as作宾语)
As is known to all, there is no ghost in the world.(as作主语)
5.助动词do使用不同的时态替代前文提到过的某一动词词组以避免重复。如：
In the same way Americans u the expression "I guess" just as the British did (这里的did替代前面的ud the expression “I guess”) 30 years ago.
6.主语+have+(no, little, some, much, great, ...) difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦。如：
形容女子的词语
I have no difficulty in getting a job.
三、常用词语和句型
1.More or less 多少；有点儿；或多或少有几分
eg: I hope he can give you more or less help.
The child is more or less tired.
I'm sorry, I didn't mean to.(我不是故意的)
mean to do打算做……
He meant to have lunch here.
mean sb to do打算做……
I mean you to have dinner with me tonight.
mean (doing) sth打算做……
