一．词语修辞格
(1) simile 明喻
它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物
抢篮板技巧
I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。
They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。
His young daughter looks as red as a ro. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。
① “Mama,” Wangero said sweet 财务会计教育as a bird . “电脑不识别硬盘Can I have the old quilts?”
② Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.
③ My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的） barley pancake.
④ The oratorial（雄辩的） storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in
the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools…
⑤ I e also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish（粗野的） mass of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走） on like a swarm（群） of crawling locusts（蝗虫）.
（1） metaphor 暗喻
暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。
All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。
Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。
① It is a vast泉州菜（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的） cavern（洞穴） of a room,…
② Mark Twain --- Mirror of America
③ main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart
④ The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.
⑤ Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）.
⑥ We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by a, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke（枷锁）.
（2） metonymy 借代，转喻
用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物与另一事物是有关联的。
The White Hou has denied the report that more troops will be nt to Iraq.
He lives by the pen. (=writing). 他以写作为生。
He is too fond of the bottle (=drinking). 他太贪杯了。
① The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster 's"
② ...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe（镐）
（3） synecdoche 提喻
以部分指代整体
1. We are lack of hands. （hands 指代人手，劳动力）
2. The ca had erupted round my head. （head指代整个人）
3. Or what of tho sheets and jets of air that are now being ud, in place of(代替) old-fashioned oak and hinges ...
4. But neither his vanity nor his pur is any concern of the dictionary's （烧烤步骤pur指代金钱）
（4） personification 拟人
把物比喻成人。在修辞学上，拟人法是指把非人的东西(如动物、植物、物体、抽象概念等)当作人来描写，并赋予它们以人的特性、外表及活动方式等。
① The young moon lies on her back…
② Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimp of a sunlit（阳光照射的） courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanrai, where camels lie disdainfully（轻蔑的） chewing their hay（干草）…
③ ...to literature's enduring gratitude...（文学的持续感激）
④ The grave world smiles as&
⑤ Bitterness fed on the&（痛苦为人类提供食物）
（5） transferred epithet 移就 修饰转移
把本应该用来描述甲事物状态的定语去形容乙事物，而乙事物却根本不具备这种性质或功能。(转移描述词; 移就修辞格）
① Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder
② The obe（极为肥胖的） body shook in an appreciative chuckle.
③ I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love the long purpoless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)
（6） hyperbole 夸张
这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实(overstatement)的修辞手法，其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。
用数字，形容词副词最高级，全世界，虚拟语气
① The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.
② It is a vast, sombre（忧郁的，严峻的） cavern煲仔饭的家常做法（洞穴） of a room so thick with dust of centuries.
③ If Hitler invaded Hell and I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the Hou of Commons.
④ I e the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.
⑤ ...crui through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of&
⑥ 冲动的近义词The trial that rocked the world
⑦ His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."
（7） oxymoron 矛盾修饰法
Parting is such 建华小学sweet sorrow. ( 别离是这样甜蜜的凄清)
a thunderous silence 无声胜有声
a mournful optimist 悲伤的乐观
Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. "
（8） euphemism 委婉语
作为一种修辞格，Euphemism (委婉)指的是以较文雅、悦耳或温婉的说法来代替粗野、刺耳或直露的说法。它能借助语音、语法、词汇及其他修辞手段，得体地表达生活中那些使人尴尬、惹人不快、招人厌恶或令人恐惧的事物。其主要修辞作用是在语言表达上减少刺激性和敏感性，从而起到一种缓冲或美化作用。
