2014年暨南大学241基础英语真题参考答案
一、填空题（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
Fill in blanks with appropriate prepositions or adverbs.
1. You can’t just dig a hole, plant the tree, and let it go _____ that.
【答案】at
【解析】let it go at that为固定搭配，意为“就此罢休”。句意：你不能就挖个洞，把树栽进去然后就不管了。
2. The deer suddenly pricked_______ its ears and leapt to its feet.
【答案】up
【解析】prick up ears意为“竖起耳朵”。句意：那只鹿突然竖起耳朵，跳了起来。
3. The total expen added ______ to about 5000 dollars.
【答案】up
【解析】add up to意为“合计达”。句意：总花销合计达5000元左右。
4. The mountain air obviously agreed ______me. All my aches and pains were gone.
【答案】with
【解析】agree with sb意为“适合某人（的健康或者胃口）”。根据句子后半部分“我所有的疼痛都消失了”可知山顶的空气应该是很适合我的。
5. We’ll t out an hour earlier to allow ______ possible traffic jams.
【答案】for
【解析】allow for意为“考虑到”。句意：考虑到交通可能会堵塞，我们会提前一个小时出发。
6. You are not alone, we’ll back you ______.
【答案】up
【解析】back sb up意为“支持某人”。句意：你并不是一个人，我们会支持你的。
7. We need you. You can’t back out now. We must stick ______ it together until it’s finished.
【答案】to
【解析】stick to坚持。句意：我们需要你，你不能现在离开，我们必须一起坚持直到事情完成。
8. His theory, the theory that was once condemned, has now been borne ______ by facts.
【答案】out
【解析】be borne out被证实。句意：他的理论，曾经一度被谴责，现在被事实证明是正确的。
9. That day we received the order to repair the bridge that had been blown ______ the previous night by the enemy.
【答案】up
【解析】blow up爆炸。句意：那天我们收到一条命令，要我们去修几天前的晚上被敌人炸毁的桥。
10. You can always count ______ her. She is very reliable.
【答案】on
【解析】由句子后半部分“她很可靠”，可知此处应是指“你可以依靠她”。count on依靠。
二、选择题（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
Which of the words listed is the most likely answer to the following ntences.
1. They had to leave quietly ______ be en by the plainclothes men
A. as so not to
B .so as not to
C .not so as to
D. so not as to
【答案】B
【解析】so as not to do sth以便不做某事。没有A、C和D项的搭配。句意：他们不得不悄悄离开以免被便衣警察们发现。
2. If you had done as I told you to do this ______.
A. should have not happened
B. did not happen
C. would not have happened
D. had not happened
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你按照我说的去做了，这件事情本不会发生。因为事情已经发生了，所以排除非虚拟语气的B、D两项。虚拟语气构成时，not应该放在have done之前，因此A项也不正确。
3. _______ the road, and you will come to the post office.
A. If you were to turn off
B. Turn off
C. Turning off
D. Having turned off
【答案】B
【解析】考查祈使句。第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句以动词原形开头。句意：沿这条路拐弯，你就会到邮局。
4. _______ your own private feelings may be, its best to take his advice.
A. Whatever
B. What
C. However
D. How
【答案】A
【解析】句意：无论你的私人感情是什么，最好采取他的意见。B、D两项不表示让步，因此排除。however在句中作状语。whatever在句中作宾语。而该句缺少宾语。因此此题应选A。
5. Only then did he _______ the situation he and his fellow soldiers were in.
A. aware of
B. aware
C. become aware of
D. become aware
【答案】C
【解析】句意：只有到了那个时候，他才意识到他和他的士兵们现在的情况。be aware of为固定搭配，意为“认识到，意识到”。B、D两项缺少介词of。A项缺少系动词，因此排除。正确答案为C。家里的安全
6. According to a medical report, _______75 percent of the current violent crime is drug-related.
镜湖公园A. so many as
B. as many as
C. so much as
D. as much as
【答案】D
【解析】中心词是crime，是不可数名词，应用much修饰。因此排除A、B两项。as much as意为“差不多……，多达……”。so much as多用于否定句，与not连用表示“甚至不……，甚至都没有……”。句意：根据一份医学报告，差不多有75%的暴力犯罪与毒品有关。
7. I don’t regret ________ her what I thought of her husband, even though it might have upt her.
A. telling
B. to tell
C. that I will tell
D. to have to tell
【答案】A
【解析】regret doing sth后悔做某事。regret to do sth很遗憾要做某事。根据句子后半部分“即使这可能让她伤心了”可知我应该是已经告诉她了。因此B、C、D项均可排除。
8 The more time you waste, the easier it is to go on ______ time.
A. waste
B. to waste
C. wasting
D. wasted
说爱你简谱【答案】C
步步为营的意思【解析】go on to do sth接着做另一件事。go on doing sth继续做同一件事。因为句子始终提到的只有“浪费时间”这一件事，因此可知应该选用“go on doing sth”这一词组。句意：你浪费时间浪费的越多，你越是容易继续浪费时间。
9. ______ two hours daily made considerable difference to my physical condition.
纯实践A. Walking
B. To walk
C. I walked
D. Having walked
【答案】A
【解析】句子缺少主语，因此用动名词作主语。因此排除B、C两项。D项为现在完成时，但“走两个小时对我的身体大有好处”这一件事应该是一般情况下的事情，因此不必用现在完成时。因此正确答案为A。
10. It won’t be long ______ China launches her space shuttle with men in it.
A. when
B. until
C. before
D. after
【答案】C
【解析】not be long before为固定搭配，表示“在某事发生之前不会过很久”。句意：不用多久，中国就会发射自己的载人航天飞机。
三、翻译题（每小题5分，共20分）
Translate the following into Chine.
1. If you are a patient who is fed up with pills and injections, you can try taking up learning to alleviate your condition. Many inspirational stories have confirmed that learning can benefit a patient’s physical and mental well-being. Once a patient gets involved in some kind of learning, he will dwell less on his dia and be less depresd. He tends to be more active in life, more confident and optimistic about his future, and thus stands a better chance of recovering.
【参考译文】如果你是一个厌倦了打针吃药的病人，你可以尝试通过学习来缓解病情。很多令人鼓舞的故事已经证实，学习有利于病人的身心健康。当病人参加某种学习活动时，他不再老想着自己的病，不再消沉，他在生活
中往往会变得更加活跃，对未来更有信心，更为乐观，因此也更有希望康复。
2. Switzerland is a small country situated in the centre of Europe. In spite of its size, it is undoubtedly
one of the most affluent countries in the world. It owns much of its prosperity to its distinctive natural scenery. The spectacular Alps extend from east to west, which qualifies Switzerland as one of the best ski resorts in the world. Every year, hundreds and thousands of tourists come from all over the world to appreciate its beautiful landscape and bring with them abundant wealth.
【参考译文】瑞士是位于欧洲中部的一个小国家，面积虽小，却无疑是世界上最富裕的国家之一。瑞士的富裕在很大程度上归功于他独特的自然风光。壮观的阿尔卑斯山脉自东向西横贯该国，使得瑞士成为世界上最好的滑雪圣地之一。每年，成千上万的旅游者来到这里欣赏它的美景，也给瑞士带来滚滚财富。
3. People ud to think environment protection was condary to economic development. In order to develop agriculture and industry, many tropical forests were cut down to make room for farm lands, and supreme grasslands were damaged in arch for mines. Water and air pollution has transformed the earth dramatically. Nowhere in the world is exempt from its impact. Faced with all the, people have finally realized the importance of sustainable development, which means striking a balance between economic development and environment protections.
【参考译文】人们曾经认为和发展经济相比，环境保护是次要的。为了发展工业和农业，大片的森林
被砍伐，来腾出空地作农田。为了开矿，优良的草场遭到破坏。而水和大气污染则使整个地球的面貌发生了巨大的改变。世界上没有一个角落能够幸免。面对这一切，人们终于认识到可持续发展的重要性，即经济发展和环境保护必须保持平衡。
4. Fire, along with floods and earthquakes, is considered a rious natural disaster. Fires not only burn hous to ashes, but also po a big threat to the life of human beings. Each year, there are many outbreaks of fire in the world, some are started by arsonists while others are simply caud by a still burning cigarette end. The best way to prevent fires from happening is to publicize fire-prevention knowledge and education.
【参考译文】火灾、洪水和地震被认为是严重的自然灾害。火灾不仅使房子燃烧成灰烬，而且对人的生命造成很大的威胁。世界上每年都有很多火灾发生，有些是由纵火犯发动的，有些则是由一个小小的仍然燃烧的烟头造成的。预防火灾的最好办法是宣传防火知识和教育。
四、翻译题（共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）
Translate the following into English.
1. 她当时处境十分困难。她既无法忍受他，又不能离开他。
【答案】She was then in a terrible fix. She could neither bear him nor leave him.
2. 这些花花绿绿的衣服是为非洲市场制作的。
【答案】The colorful clothes are intended for the African market.我喜爱的小动物
3. 为了住得接近大自然，越来越多的城市居民在搬往郊区。
【答案】To live clo to nature, more and more citizens are moving to suburbs.
4. 正如一句中国俗话所说，他们这是搬起石头砸自己的脚。
【答案】As a Chine saying goes, they lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.
5. 我当时很想批驳他的观点，但我克制住了，因为我觉得这个场合不太合适。
聪明的小裁缝【答案】I really wanted to refute his arguments at that time, but I checked mylf becau I thought it was not the right occasion.
五、阅读理解题（20分）
Reading comprehension
Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions.
The bee’s knees张说的读音
The bee is one of the world’s busiest creatures: no wonder that in English we have expressions like “as busy as a bee” and “he’s the bee’s knees” (meaning “he is a very impressive person”). Bees not only collect honey, they make wax for their hives (and for us to u as furniture-polish), they also pollinate the plants they visit, and are therefore indispensable to farmers.
Now a group of scientists at Cornell University in New York State have designed a new way to u bees. The group, led by Joph Kovach, reports in the current issue of Biological Control how it has created and patented a bee “footbath” that us the incts for pest-control.
Strawberries, along with many other soft fruits, suffer from grey mould, a troublesome dia that caus fruit to rot. Although the fungus mainly damages the fruit, infection actually starts in the flowers. One effective treatment is to spray the flowers with another fungus, Try choderma harzanium T1295-22. This eliminates the grey mould before the berries form, but caus no harm to them.
Dr. Kovach’s system works by putting the Trychoderma into a specially designed tray that is fixed to the entrance to a hive. The tray can be as easily moved and replaced as the tray of a photocopier. The bees pick up the Trychoderma on their legs as they walk out of the hive onto the tray, and deposit it on the flowers they visit as they arch for honey.
The rearchers say that bee-delivery is nearly twice as effective as spraying, and us a fraction of the Trychoderma, becau the incts deliver it directly to the flowers rather than wasting them on other parts of the plant. This means that bee-delivered Trychoderma offers as much protection as conventional spraying methods. An added bonus is that simply adding a beehive to a strawberry field improves yields by 20—30% becau of better pollination, Dr. Kovach has high hopes of extending the u of his system to other fruit.
Bee-lovers need not worry: the actual incread pay-load carried by the bees is very small, and Trychoderma in no way damages their health. Honey lovers need not worry, either: Trychoderma is found naturally in strawberry flowers. In any ca, the honey produced during strawberry bloom time is eaten by the bees themlves, the stuff harvested for human consumption is made much later in the year.
The system does have a couple of drawbacks. Bees only fly about in good weather, so if you crop blooms on a rainy day, too bad. And bees are unpredictable: although they can be trained to feed on a particular crop, if they find a sweeter, more attractive flower nearby, they may be tempted away—and your fruit may suffer. A good idea, then, but clearly not the bee all and end all.
1. Why are bees indispensable to farmers?
2. What kind of treatment strawberry farmers u to eliminates the grey mould?
3. What is Dr. Kovach’s new system?
4. What benefits can farmers get from Dr. Kovach’s system?
5. What kind of problem does the new system has not been solved?
【答案与解析】
1. Becau they collect honey, make wax for their hives and pollinate the plants they visit.
（由第一段最后一句“Bees not only collect honey, they make wax for their hives (and for us to u as
furniture-polish) they also pollinate the plants they visit, and are therefore indispensable to farmers”可知由于蜜蜂不仅采蜜，还给巢打蜡，给植物授花粉，因此对农民来说不可或缺。）
2. To spray the flowers with another fungus, try choderma harzanium T1295-22.
（由第三段最后一句“One effective treatment is to spray the flowers with another fungus, Try choderma harzanium T1295-22”可知为了防止灰霉，农民们给花朵喷洒了另一种名叫“choderma harzanium T1295-22”的真菌。）
3. Put the Trychoderma into a specially designed tray that is fixed to the entrance to a hive.
（由第四段第一句“Put the Trychoderma into a specially designed tray that is fixed to the entrance to a hive”可知Dr. Kovach的新系统就是把胰岛素放入一个专门设计的托盘，固定在蜂房的入口处。）
4. The efficiency got twice higher.
（由第五段第一句“bee-delivery is nearly twice as effective as spraying”可知这种靠蜜蜂运输的新系统比传统的
