Cambridge Medical English
Basics 1（初级篇第一章）
Part I Health and Illness
A Asking about health
For example:
What is your general health like？
How’s your health generally?
If you are in good health, you are well and have no illness (dia).
If you are healthy you are normally well and resist illness.
If you are fit, you are well and strong.
not ill =healthy, fit, fit and well, well, very well, and in good health
ill=unhealthy, unfit, unwell, not well, not very well, poorly, and in poor health.
B Sickness
Sickness has a similar meaning to illness. It is also ud in the names of a few specific dias, for example sleeping sickness(昏睡症) and travel sickness(晕船/机). Patients also talk about sickness when they mean naua and vomiting.
Patient says | Possible meanings |
过秦岭I was sick this morning. | I was ill this morning. I felt unwell this morning. I vomited this morning. |
I feel sick. | I feel ill. I feel unwell. I am nauous. I feel the need to vomit. |
演讲稿读书 | |
The combination sickness and diarrhea means vomiting and diarrhea.
C Recovery
When patients return to normal health after illness, they have recovered. We can also say:
The patient | made a | good 新疆vs广东full complete | recovery. |
| | | |
If a patient’s health is in the process of returning to normal, the patient is improving.
The opposite is deteriorating.
We can also say that the patient’s condition improved or deteriorated.
In speech, we often u the verb get to talk about change.
get | over (an illness) | =to recover |
better | = to improve |
wor | = to deteriorate |
| | |
If a patient is better, but then gets wor again, the patient has relapd(复发). Another word for improvement, especially in recurring(复发) conditions such as cancer, is remission（减轻，平息）.
For example, he got over the illness very quickly. Two years later she remains in complete remission.
Part II Parts of the body 1
A Parts of the body 1
Most external parts of the body have ordinary English names as well as anatomical names. Doctors normally u the English names, even when talking to each other. There are a few exceptions where doctors u the anatomical name; the are shown in brackets below.
1.Jaw (mandible) 【解剖学】下颚骨
(cheekbone； malar bone；提高注意力的方法 [解] zygoma； zygomatic bone malar )
2.Neck
3.Shoulder
4.Armpit (axilla) ( pl. axillas, -lae ) 【解剖学】胳肢窝，腋。
5.Upper arm
6.Elbow
7.Back
8.Buttock〔常 pl.〕臀部，屁股。
9.Wrist
10.Thigh
11.Calf腓，腿肚子
12.Leg
13.Chest
14.Breast
15.Stomach, tummy (abdomen)
16.Navel (umbilicus)
17.Hip (臀部) ;[解]髋
18.Groin (inguinal腹股沟的 region) 【解剖学】腹股沟
19.Knee (patella【解剖学】髌，膝盖(骨)；膝节=kneecap)
20.Shin【解剖学】胫
Limb means arm (upper limb) or leg (lower limb). The trunk is the body excluding the head and limbs.
B Referring to parts of the body
When patients speak about their problem they often refer to a part of the body:
I’m having trouble with my hip/shoulder/knee.
大学生诚信档案The doctor often needs to ask about a part of the body:
Do you get any pain in the/your chest/stomach/back?
C Describing radiation of pain
A patient is telling the doctor about his back pain and the parts of the body it radiates to.
It starts in the back. Then it ems to go into the right buttock and down the back of the right thigh to the knee.
Part III Parts of the body 2
A The abdomen
The main organs of the body have ordinary English names and doctors u the words. But when an adjective is needed they often u an anatomical word. For example we can say dia of the liver or hepatic dia. Some abdominal organs, for example the pancreas, have no ordinary name.
1.Pancreas 【解剖学】胰(腺)
2.Duodenum (pl. duodenums, duodena ) 【解剖学】十二指肠。
3.Gall bladder
4.Liver
机器人总动员豆瓣
5.Kidney
6.Stomach如何提高表达能力
7.spleen
When doctors talk about the main parts of the digestive system, they u the words bowel or intestine: the small intestine or the small bowel, the large intestine or the large bowel. When speaking to patients, doctors may refer to the anus and rectum (pl. recta ) 【解剖学】直肠。as the back passage.医学生自我介绍
B The chest
The chest (thorax) [ˈθɔ:ræks][解]胸 contains the organs of respiration and the heart. The main parts of the respiratory system are the airways气道 and the lungs. The left lung is
divided into two lobes, and the right into three. The airways consist of the larynx [ˈlærɪŋks] (pl. larynxes, larynges ) 【解剖学】喉, the trachea (pl. tracheas, -cheae ) 【解剖学】气管 (or windpipe), the right and left bronchus (pl. bronchi )【解剖学】支气管, and the bronchioles['brɒŋkɪəʊl]【解剖学】细支气管. The chest is parated from the abdomen by the diaphragm [ˈdaɪəfræm] 膈膜 .
