论⽂中的引⽤格式
间接引⽤(citations)
A. 如果引⽤只涉及⼀个作家的某本专著或⽂章，⽽作家的名字在⾃⼰的⾏⽂中没有出现，将该作家的姓⽒和出版的时间⽤括弧括起来，放在句⼦结尾，注意该括弧算作句⼦的⼀部分，标点符号应放在括弧之后。
例: It has been argued that teachers' role is to provide the students with optimal conditions which can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar results (Bloom, 1976).
B. 如果引⽤所涉及到的作家的名字已经出现在⾏⽂中，只需要在名字后⾯加上括弧，填⼊出版时间即可。
例：Gould (1988) attributes Darwin's success to his gift for making the appropriate metaphor.
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C. 如果引⽤涉及到的作家和著作的出版时间在⾏⽂中已出现，那就不再需要单独的夹注了。
例：In a 1988 article, Gould explores some of Darwin's most effective metaphors.
D. 如果引⽤涉及到的著作是由两位作者合著，则每次引⽤时都需把两位作者的姓⽒注出来，在夹注中⽤“&”，在⾏⽂中则⽤“and”连接两个作者。
起诉书怎么写例：The disadvantages of the multiple regression analysis are that it cannot show the complex interrelations between independent variable (Bryman & Cramer, 1990). Bryman and Cramer also pointed out that ...
E. 如涉及到的作者超过两⼈，第⼀次加夹注时，写出所有作者的姓⽒，以后每次引⽤只需写出第⼀作者的姓⽒，其后加上“et al”即可。
例：Scientists have isolated a gene connected to circadian rhythms in plants (Millar, Straum, Chory, Chua, & Kay, 1995: 1163) . . . . They identified the mutations that activated light-dependent pathways (Millar, et al., 1995: 1165).
F. 如果引⽤涉及到的著作由多位作者合著，加注时只需写出第⼀作者的姓⽒，其后加上“et al.”即可。
例：Naiman et al.(1978)found a similar relationship, although this ca effort on the part of the learners was also associated with instrumental motivation (subquent citations) (Ellis, 1954: 512).
G. 如果涉及到同⼀作者的不同著作，在括弧中按出版时间分开；如果是同⼀作者在同⼀年的不同著作，
十三燕在出版时间后⽤⼩写英⽂字母区别。
例：(Halliday, 1978, 1992); (Halliday, 1967a, 1967b)
直接引⽤(quotations)
A. 如果原著作者的姓⽒在⾃⼰的⾏⽂中没有提到，那你需要把作者的姓⽒，出版时间和引⽂出⾃的页码⽤括弧括起，放在引⽂的后⾯，引⽂⽤双引号。
例：Conceptually, motivation is en as “the combination of effort plus desire to achieve the goal of learning the language plus favorable attitude toward learning language” (Gardner, 1985: 10).
B. 如果引⽂中原来就有引号，将有引号的部分改为单引号。
唠叨的反义词例：Bad on different findings, it is propod that “the type of motivation and its strength are likely to be determined less by some generalized principle and more by ‘who learns what in what milieu ’” (Lar-Freeman & Long, 1993: 174).
C. 如果直接引⽤所涉及到的作者有多位，除遵守以上A，B两条外，其他规则与间接引⽤相同。
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wps筛选重复项D. 直接引⽂的字数如少于40英⽂单词或4⾏，引⽂直接放到段落中。否则引⽂单独成段，段落⽤“齐头式”，整个段落缩⾏5个空格，字号缩⼩为5号。引⽂不需引号，如引⽂中已有引号，保留原来的引号。
例：Raymond William explains that the word career has all but lost its original meaning.
Career is now so regularly ud to describe a person's progress in life, or, by derivation from this, his profession or vocation that it is difficult to remember, in the same context, its original meaning of a recour and a gallop — though in some contexts, as in the phra “Careering about,” the survive … (1986: 10)
转引 (the quotation from a source
other than the original)
如果你的引⽤不是从原著中获得，⽽是来⾃⼆⼿资料，你就需要在引⽤完后⽤圆括弧注明来源，在来源前加上“qtd in”的字样。在参考⽂献⽬录部分，你就按引⽤的实际出处撰写条⽬。
例：Gothe wrote that “it takes more culture to perceive the virtues of The Magic Flute than to point out its defects” (qtd in Newman, 1958: 104).乱停车
转⾃“数学中国”
