状语从句的简化表达
状语从句的简化表达
在使用英语过程中，有这样一条规则：使用短语时不用句子，能用单个词时不用短语。因此，就状语从句而言，一些状语从句可以用更加简单的形式表达出来，这体现出英语的表达简练但内容丰富的特色。
说明：这就是我们在高中英语中所学的“分词短语”的各种形式做状语的形式。做状语的分词短语相当于一个时间，原因，条件，让步状语从句。分词短语表达的动作的主语就是主句的主语。根据分词短语与主句主语的关系（主动，被动）和时间顺序（在主句动作之前，或与主句同时发生）分词短语有不同的形式变化结构如下：
1．以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，可用af-ter和before与从句谓语动词的动名词（短语）形式构成介词短语作状语。例如：
After she sang（After singing），she left the rich man's hou．唱完之后，她就走出了那位阔佬的家。
Before we do the job（Before doing the job），we'd better think it over．做这项工作之前，我们最好先仔细考虑考虑。
2．以as soon as引出的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，可用on＋V-ing形式简化该状语从句，此时的动词为非延续性动词。例如：
Dr Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he
arrived atthe village（on arriving at the village胆管结石怎么治疗）．白求恩大夫一到那个村子，就开始给伤员动手术。
3．时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。例如：
She stopped when she saw her husband9种方法治咽喉痛（to e her husband）．她见到她丈夫就停了下来。
If you want to understand the farmers（to understand the farmers），you mustgo to the countryside．你想了解农民，必须深入到农村去。
4．结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。例如：
友谊最暖心短句He was so tired that he couldn't go any further．
=He was too tired to go any further．他累得走不动了。
I came here so that I could ask some questions．
＝I came here（in order）to ask some questions．我来这儿是为了问一些问题。
因噎废食什么意思The jeep is so heavy that he can't push it．
＝They jeep is too heavy for him to
push．吉普车太重，他推不动。
5．以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句，如果从句主语和主句主语一致时，可简化为现在分词状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例如：
When he turned on the radio（=When turning on the radio），he found it bro-ken．他打开收音机时，发现收音机已坏了。
While she was walking along the street，（=While walking along the street），she was hit by a car．她在街上走时被一辆汽车撞了。
If you don't feel well，you won't go to school．=If not feeling well，you won'tgo to school．要是你感到不舒服，就不要去上学了。
6．原因状语从句的主语与主句一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。例如：
Since I didn't know Chine（＝Not knowing Chine），I tried to speak to herin English．因为我不懂中文，就尽量用英语和她讲话。
Becau they are blind，they can't e it．
=Being blind，they can't e it．因为他们是瞎子，所以看不见。
要注意的是，形容词短语也可用作表示原因的状语，用以代替原因状语从句，放在句首、
句末均可，但一般应加逗号。例如：
As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，（＝Thirsty and eager to get alittle
rest，）混凝土骨料he went into
the tea-hou李世南．由于有些口渴，又想歇一会儿，他就走进茶馆。
7．在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with／without名词或代词+分词（短语）”形式作状语。例如：
When the film star appeared（=The film star appearing），the children gotexcited．那位电影明星露面时，孩子们兴奋起来。
As the clerk had nothing to do，（=The clerk having nothing to do），the bosslet him go home．由于那个职员无事可做，老板就让他回家了。
If all the work is done（＝With all the work done），you can have a rest．倘若一切活都干完了，你可以休息一下。
Nothing can live if there is no air（＝without air）．任何生物没有空气都不能生存。
8．让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语；不一致时，常可简化为with或in spite of介词短语作状语。例如：
Although he faced his death（=Facing his death），he didn't say anything be-fore the enemy．尽管面对死亡，他在敌人面前还是什么也没说。
Although there was danger（＝With danger=In spite of danger），he rushedout to carry the boy to safety．尽管危险，他还是冲过去把孩子救到了安全地带。
更多的例子：
1. Followed by two bodyguards, he got into a car and ran away.
2. Knowing that her daughter got sick at school, she hurried to school to take her home.
3. Not having received any news from home for many years, she got more and more homesick.
4. Once published, his work became famous for the abnce of rhyme at the end of each line.
5. When pulling off a nylon shirt in dry weather, you sometimes hear cracking as it pass over your head.
请看下面几个状语从句：
1. When he was driving to the airport, he hit a boy on the bike.
2. When he heard the music, he began to get homesick.
3. Becau he was quite ill, he had to give up the chance of going on a picnic.
4. After he had got married, he lived parately from his parents.
5. When he was asked about his cret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
6. Although he had been taught many times, he still made the same mistake.
说明：以上6个状语从句中，从句与主句的主语一致，从句可以用更简单的短语来表达。
（1）Driving to the airport, he hit a boy on the bike.
牛黄的功效
（2）Hearing the music, he began to get homesick.
（3）Being quite ill, he had to give up the chance of going on a picnic.
（4）Having got married, he lived parately from his parents.
（5）Asked about his cret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
