2022年高中英语动词种类和形式知识点归纳

更新时间:2023-07-21 07:48:19 阅读：评论：0

2022年高中英语动词种类和形式知识点归纳雪兔和桃矢

中学英语动词种类和形式学问点归纳
类别

意义
例句
实义动词
含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。
She has some bananas.
They eat a lot of potatoes.
连系动词
本身有肯定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必需和表语一起构成谓语。
His father is a teacher.
Twins usually look the same.
The teacher became very angry.

助动词
本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的改变。
He doesn’t speak English.
We are playing basketball.
Do you have a brother?
情态动词
本身有肯定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的改变,有些情态动词有过去式。
You can keep the books for two weeks.
May I smoke here?
We must go now.
重要注解：
(1)关于实义动词：
①英语的实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词两大类：

后面必需跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词；本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词。
②有些动词通常只作不及物动词。如：go,come,happen,lie,listen,ri,arrive等。
有些动词通常用作及物动词。如：say,rai,lay,find,buy等。
③大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如：study,sing等。
④有些动词作及物动词与作不及物动词时的意义有所不同。如：know,wash等。
⑤有些动词常和介词、副词或其它词类一起构成固定词组,形成短语动词。如：listen,reply,wait,look.
(2)关于连系动词：
①连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词。
②常见的.连系动词有：be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、em、turn、grow、get、go、fall、sit、stand、lie等。
③有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也跟着改变：look(看→看起来)、feel(感觉、摸→感到)、smell(闻、嗅→闻起来)、taste(尝→尝起来)、turn(翻转、转动→变得)、grow(生长→变得)、get(得到、到达→变得)、go(去→变得),所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形

容词。
(3)关于助动词：
①常见的助动词有：
用于进行时和被动语态的be(am,is,are,was,were,been,being);
用于完成时的have(has,had,having);
用于将来时的shall(should);will(would)
用于一般时的do(does,did).
②助动词必需同主语的人称和数一样,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采纳不同的形式,其中有些助动词也可作情态动词。如：shall,will,should,would.
2、动词词形改变一览表：
(1)规则动词改变表：
规则变化
原形动词结尾状况
现在时单三人称
现在分词/动名词

过去式和过去分词
一般状况
+s
+ing
+ed
s,x,ch,sh,o结尾
+es
+ing
+ed
辅音字母+y结尾
y→i,+es
+ing
y→i,+ed
重读闭音节一元一辅结尾
+s

双写辅音字母,+ing
双写辅音字母,+ed
不发音的e结尾
+s
去掉e,+ing
+d
ie结尾
+s
ie→y,+ing
+d
不规则改变
have→has；be→is
(无)
(见不规则动词改变表)
(2)不规则动词改变表：(原形→过去式→过去分词)

be(am,is)
was
been
lo
lost
鸦片战争影响 lost
be(are)
were
been
make
made
made
beat
beat
beaten

may
might
become
became
become
mean
meant
meant
begin
began
begun
meet
met
met
blow

blew
blown
mistake
mistook
mistaken
break
broke
broken
must
must
bring
brought
brought
pay
paid

paid
build
built
built
put
put
put
buy
bought
bought
read
read
Read
can
could

ride
rode
ridden
catch
caught
caught
ring
rang
rung
choo
cho
家属安全寄语 chon
ri
ro
rin

come
came
come
run
ran
run
cost
cost
cost
say
said
said
cut
cut
cut

e
saw
en
dig
dug
dug
ll
sold
sold
do
did
done
nd
nt
nt

draw
drew
drawn
t
t
t
drink
drank
drunk
shall
should
drive
drove
driven
shine

计算机网页

中国女艺人 shone
shone
eat
ate
eaten
show
showed
shown
fall
fell
fallen
shut
shut
shut
feel

felt
felt
sing
sang
sung
find
found
found
sink
sank/sunk
sunk/sunken
fly
flew
flown
sit

t
t
forget
forgot
forgot/forgotten舍命之交
sleep
slept
slept
freeze
froze
frozen
smell
smelt
smelt
get

got
got
speak
spoke
spoken
give
gave
given
spend
spent
spent
go
went
gone
spill

spilt
spilt
grow
grew
grown
spoil
spoilt
spoilt
hang
hung/hanged
hung/hanged
stand
stood
stood
have(has)

精彩的电影推荐 had
had
sweep
swept
swept
hear
heard
heard
swim
swam
swum
hide
hid
hidden
take

took
taken
hit
hit
hit
teach
taught
taught
hold
held
held
tell
told
told
hurt

hurt
加州大学河滨分校 hurt
think
thought
thought
keep
kept
kept
throw
threw
thrown
know
knew
known
understand

understood
understood
lay
laid
laid
wake
woke/waked
woken/waked
learn
learnt/learned
learnt/learned
wear
wore
worn
leave

left
left
will
would
lend
lent
lent
win
won
won
let
let
let
write
wrote

witten
lie
lay
lain
3、be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态改变：
一般现在时
一般将来时
现在完成时
I am….
You are.…
He/She/It is….
We/You/They are….
(I等各人称) will be….
I am
He/She/It is going to be…

We/You/They are
I have been….
You have been….
She/he/It has been….
We/You/They have been….
一般过去时
过去将来时
过去完成时
I was….
You were.…
He/She/It was….
We/You/They were….
(I等各人称) would be….
I was
He/She/It was going to be…

We/You/They were
I had been….
You had been….
She/he/It had been….
We/You/They had been….
留意：句型改变时,
否定句在am/is/are/will/have/has/was/were/had/would后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t(am后面not不行以缩写)；
疑问句将am/is/are/will/have/has/was/were/had/would提前到句首。
4、其它谓语动词(主动语态)的时态改变一览表：
现在时态
一般现在时
现在进行时
一般将来时
现在完成时