You Yu
Dr. Sanne Unger
小仓鼠作文DBRGE 200N
2 December, 2013
向着光亮那方
My view of the One-child Policy of China
With the largest population, China was ever confronted with the hard time of soaring number of populations. “In the end of 2008, the number of Chine population reached over 1.3 billion, taking up 20 percent of the world, at the same time 33 percent of Asia”(Zai 467). Therefore, the government implemented the policy called “one child policy” to control the impetus of such a fleet increasing population. As a child from a one-child family mylf, I paid special attention to the influence and change of this policy. For controlling the growing population, this policy was well put into practice and it has achieved the striking outcome, however, some unavoidable drawbacks were left especially some social problems. In this ar防己黄芪汤减肥
ticle I would like to introduce both the positive and negative aspects of China’s One-child Policy.
The one child policy forbids most Chine women from producing more than one surviving baby. (Littlejohn, para.1). Sometimes, the government officials resort to violence to enforce the law. (Chen, para3). The fines levied on couples who violate the policy could be 10 times as high as an annual salary in China. (Goodenough, para.8). At first, Mao Zedong encouraged large families and outlawed abortion and the u of contraception, urging women to produce offspring who would boost the workforce and the ranks of the People's Liberation Army.（Ma, para.1）
In 1979, the Chine government embarked on an ambitious program of market reform following the economic stagnation of the Cultural Revolution. At the time, China was home to a quarter of the world’s people, who were occupying just 7% of world’s arable land. Two thirds of the population were under the age of 30 years, and the baby boomers of the 1950s and 1960s were entering their reproductive years(Hesketh, Li and Zhu, para.3)
The government saw strict population containment as esntial to economic reform and to an improvement in living standards. So the one-child family policy was introduced. (Hesketh, Li and Zhu, para.2)
年轻人不要做电话销售 One-child policy did benefit the whole society when it was put into effect. Chine authorities claim that the policy has prevented 250 to 300 million births. The total fertility rate, which is defined as the mean number of children born per woman, decread from 2.9 in 1979 to 1.7 in 2004, with a rate of 1.3 in urban areas and just under 2.0 in rural areas. (Hesketh, Li and Zhu, para.6) This change has brought China a large number of working population and smaller number of children which gave the society less burden on the resource, and it helped China to rank its development 2nd俯卧撑的正确姿势>贵阳市区景点煎口蘑的做法 in the world.
As a coin has two sides, this policy also resulted in many problems which drew sharp critiques from abroad, especially from the western world. However, A “minimum needed” of one son and daughter implies a cohort total fertility rate (TER) of 2.5, even if no couple has no more than three children.( Merli and Smith, para.2)
The effectiveness of the one-child policy has varied greatly becau policy regulations are differentially carried out by officials of provinces, municipalities, counties, communes, and minority regions. The state policy has had greater acceptance in urban areas but is far less rigidly enforced by local officials in rural areas and for certain national minorities, which can have a cond child if the first is female. (Chow and Zhao, para.1) This has greatly influenced the quality of China’s population, for the well-educated couples with good financial condition in urban areas are restricted to have only one child, but poor couples from rural areas are able to have more children from the policy’s point of view. This lead to a higher proportion of under-educated population and enlarged the rich-poor gap in China.
养阴生津 The effect of the policy on the x ratio has received much attention. According to the traditional minds of Chine society, boys are more "valuable" than girls for boys are deemed be able to continue the blood of families. The x ratio at birth, defined as the proportion of male live births to female live births, ranges from 1.03 to 1.07 in industrialized countries. Since the ont of the one-child policy, there has been a steady i
ncrea in the reported x ratio, from 1.06 in 1979, to 1.11 in 1988, to 1.17 in 2001. There are marked and well-documented local differences, with ratios of up to 1.3 in rural Anhui, Guangdong, and Qinghai provinces. Data from the 2001 National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Survey, which was carried out among a nationally reprentative sample of 39,600 women of reproductive age and is the most recent large-scale survey of reproductive health and fertility, show clearly that the incread x ratio is not confined predominantly to rural China, as has been previously assumed. There is a marked gradient across birth order: in rural areas, the x ratio for the first birth is 1.05 (within normal limits), but it ris steeply with birth order. In urban areas, the x ratio is 1.13 for the first birth and peaks at 1.30 for the cond birth but decreas for the third and fourth births (which are rare in urban areas). Some urban Chine make the choice to perform x lection with the first pregnancy, since they are allowed only one child. In rural areas, most couples are permitted to have a cond child, especially if the first is female. So if the cond (or subquent) child is female, the pregnancy often "disappears," allowing the couple to have another child in an attempt to have a son. (Hesketh, Li and Zhu, para.8)
