2018年2月3日雅思阅读考试回忆及解析-
雅思考试
一、考试概述：
本次考试的文章两篇新题一篇旧题，第一篇是动植物介绍类，主要讲了食肉植物。第二篇是旧题，讲了不同文化背景下人们对事物认知的差异性。第三篇主要讲推动建筑课堂的实践。本次考试题型较简单，难度较大的段落大意没有出题，填空与判断仍然是重点题型。
二、具体题目分析
Passage 1：
题目：Carnivorous Plants声学
题型：填空题5 +判断题8
新旧程度：新题
文章大意：讲了包括Venus flytrap捕蝇草和pitcher plants 猪笼草在内的这些食肉植物的特点及影响他们
的因素。
参考文章：
Evolutionist Charles Darwin first marvelled at flesh-eating
plants in the mid-19th century. Today, biologists, using 21st-century tools to study cells and DNA, are beginning to understand how the plants hunt, eat and digest - and how such bizarre adaptations aro in the first place.
A
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The leaves of the Venus flytrap plant are covered in hairs. When an inct brushes against them, this triggers a tiny electric charge, which travels down tunnels in the leaf and opens up pores in the leaf’s cell membranes. Water surges from the cells on the inside of the leaf to tho on the outside, causing the leaf to rapidly flip in shape from convex to concave, like a soft contact lens. As the leaves flip, they snap together, trapping the inct in their sharp-toothed jaws.
B
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The bladderwort has an equally sophisticated way of tting its underwater trap.
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It pumps water out of tiny bag-like bladders, making a vacuum inside. When small creatures swim past, they bend the hairs on the bladder, causing a flap to open. The low pressure sucks water in, carrying the animal along with it. In one five-hundredth of a
cond, the door swings shut again. The Drora sundew, meanwhile, has a thick, sweet liquid oozing from its leaves, which first attracts incts, then holds them fast before the leaves snap shut. Pitcher plants u yet another strategy, growing long tube-shaped leaves to imprison their prey. Raffles' pitcher plant, from the jungles of Borneo, produces nectar that both lures incts and forms a slick surface on which they can't get a grip. Incts that land on the rim of the pitcher slide on the liquid and tumble in.
野草在歌唱
C
Many carnivorous plants crete enzymes to penetrate the hard exoskeleton of incts so they can absorb nutrients from inside their prey. But the purple pitcher plant, which lives in bogs and infertile sandy soils in North America, enlists other organisms to process its food. It is home to an intricate food web of mosquito larvae, midges and bacteria, many of which can survive only in this unique habitat. The animals shred the prey that fall into the pitcher, and the smaller organisms feed on the debris. Finally, the plant absorbs the nutrients relead.
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While such plants clearly thrive on being carnivorous, the
benefits of eating flesh are not the ones you might expect. Carnivorous animals such as ourlves u the carbon in protein and the fat in meat to build muscles and store energy. Carnivorous plants instead draw nitrogen, phosphorus, and other critical nutrients from their prey in order to build light-harvesting enzymes. Eating animals, in other words, lets carnivorous plants do what all plants do: carry out photosynthesis, that is, grow by harnessing energy directly from the sun.
E
Carnivorous plants are, in fact, very inefficient at converting sunlight into tissue. This is becau of all the energy they expend to make the equipment to catch animals - the enzymes, the pumps, and so on. A pitcher or a flytrap cannot carry out much photosynthesis becau, unlike plants with ordinary leaves, they do not have flat solar panels that can grab lots of sunlight. There are, however, some special conditions in which the benefits of being carnivorous do outweigh the costs. The poor soil of bogs, for example, offers little nitrogen and phosphorus, so carnivorous plants enjoy an advantage over plants that obtain the nutrients by more conventional means. Bogs are also floode
d with sunshine, so even an inefficient carnivorous plant can photosynthesi enough light to survive.
F
Evolution has repeatedly made this trade-off. By comparing the DNA of carnivorous plants with other species, scientists have found that they evolved independently on at least six parate occasions. Some carnivorous plants that look nearly identical turn out to be only distantly related. The two kinds of pitcher plants - the tropical genus Nepenthes and the North American Sarracenia - have, surprisingly, evolved from different ancestors, although both grow deep pitcher- shaped leaves and employ the same strategy for capturing prey.
G
In veral cas, scientists can e how complex carnivorous plants evolved from simpler ones. Venus flytraps, for example, share an ancestor with Portugue sundews, which only catch prey passively, via 'flypaper' glands on their stems. They share a more recent ancestor with Drora sundews, which can also curl their leaves over their prey. Venus flytraps appear to have evolved an even more elaborate version of this kind of trap, complete with jaw-like leaves.
H
