托福TPO10阅读原文及答案解析Part1
托福TPO作为托福的模考工具，它的题目对于我们备考托福很有参考价值，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家整理了托福TPO10阅读原文及答案解析Part1，望喜欢！
托福TPO10阅读原文Part1
Chine Pottery
蟒蛇英文China has one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations-despite invasions and occasional foreign rule. A country as vast as China with so long-lasting a civilization has a complex social and visual history, within which pottery and porcelain play a major role.
The function and status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be utilitarian, burial, trade-collectors', or even ritual objects, according to their quality and the era in which they were made. The ceramics fall into three broad types-earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain-for vesls, architectural items such as roof tiles, and modeled objects and figures. In addition, there was an important group of sculptures made for relig
ious u, the majority of which were produced in earthenware.
The earliest ceramics were fired to earthenware temperatures, but as early as the fifteenth century B.C., high-temperature stonewares were being made with glazed surfaces. During the Six Dynasties period (AD 265-589), kilns in north China were producing high-fired ceramics of good quality. Whitewares produced in Hebei and Henan provinces from the venth to the tenth centuries evolved into the highly prized porcelains of the Song dynasty (AD. 960-1279), long regarded as one of the high points in the history of China's ceramic industry. The tradition of religious sculpture extends over most historical periods but is less clearly delineated than that of stonewares or porcelains, for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament. Ceramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-color lead-glazed vesls and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, in which the motifs were outlined in a raid trail of slip-as well as the many burial ceramics produced in imitation of vesls made in materials of higher intrinsic value.
圆号
Trade between the West and the ttled and prosperous Chine dynasties introduced new forms and different technologies. One of the most far-reaching examples is the impact of the fine ninth-century AD. Chine porcelain wares imported into the Arab world. So admired were the pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated rearch into the method of their manufacture. From the Middle East the Chine acquired a blue pigment-a purified form of cobalt oxide unobtainable at that time in China-that contained only a low level of mangane. Cobalt ores found in China have a high mangane content, which produces a more muted blue-gray color. In the venteenth century, the trading activities of the Dutch East India Company resulted in vast quantities of decorated Chine porcelain being brought to Europe, which stimulated and influenced the work of a wide variety of wares, notably Delft. The Chine themlves adapted many specific vesl forms from the West, such as bottles with long spouts, and designed a range of decorative patterns especially for the European market.
Just as painted designs on Greek pots may em today to be purely decorative, whereas
其身不正in fact they were carefully and precily worked out so that at the time, their meaning was clear, so it is with Chine pots. To twentieth-century eyes, Chine pottery may appear merely decorative, yet to the Chine the form of each object and its adornment had meaning and significance. The dragon reprented the emperor, and the phoenix, the empress; the pomegranate indicated fertility, and a pair of fish, happiness; mandarin ducks stood for wedded bliss; the pine tree, peach, and crane are emblems of long life; and fish leaping from waves indicated success in the civil rvice examinations. Only when European decorative themes were introduced did the meanings become obscured or even lost.
From early times pots were ud in both religious and cular contexts. The imperial court commissioned work and in the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1279-1368) an imperial ceramic factory was established at Jingdezhen. Pots played an important part in some religious ceremonies. Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pots, although the sometimes confu an already large and complicated picture.
不饮盗泉之水>通话记录查询
Paragraph 2: The function and status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be utilitarian, burial, trade-collectors', or even ritual objects, according to their quality and the era in which they were made. The ceramics fall into three broad types-earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain-for vesls, architectural items such as roof tiles, and modeled objects and figures. In addition, there was an important group of sculptures made for religious u, the majority of which were produced in earthenware.
托福TPO10阅读题目Part1
1.The word "status" in the passage is clost in meaning to
○ origin
be动词的用法
○ importance
○ quality
○ design
2. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of Chine ceramics?
0是正数○ The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty.
○ The u of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than the u of ceramics as ritual objects.
双显卡有什么好处
