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The Declaration of Independence
Action of Second Continental Congress; July 4; 1776
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The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America
WHEN in the Cour of human Events; it becomes necessary for one People to dissolve the Political Bands which have connected them with another; and to assume among the Powers of the Earth; the parate and equal Station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them; a decent Respect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the caus which impel them to the Separation.
WE hold the Truths to be lf-evident; that all Men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights; that among the are Life; Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness -- That to cure the Rights; Governments ar
e instituted among Men; deriving their just Powers from the Connt of the Governed; that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of the Ends; it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it; and to institute new Government; laying its Foundation on such Principles; and organizing its Powers in such Form; as to them shall em most likely to
effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence; indeed; will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient Caus; and accordingly all Experience hath shewn; that Mankind are more dispod to suffer; while Evils are sufferable; than to right themlves by abolishing the Forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long Train of Abus and Usurpations; pursuing invariably the same Object; evinces a Design to reduce them under absolute Despotism; it is their Right; it is their Duty; to throw off such Government; and to provide new Guards for their future Security. Such has been the patient Sufferance of the Colonies; and such is now the Necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The History of the pr
ent King of Great- Britain is a History of repeated Injuries and Usurpations; all having in direct Object the Establishment of an absolute Tyranny over the States. To prove this; let Facts be submitted to a candid World.
HE has refud his Asnt to Laws; the most wholesome and necessary for the public Good.
HE has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing Importance; unless suspended in their Operation till his Asnt should be obtained; and when so suspended; he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
HE has refud to pass other Laws for the Accommodation of large Districts of People; unless tho People would relinquish the Right of Reprentation in the Legislature; a Right inestimable to them; and formidable to Tyrants only.
HE has called together Legislative Bodies at Places unusual; uncomfortable; and distant from the Depository of their public Records; for the sole Purpo of fatiguing them into Compliance with his Measures.
HE has dissolved Reprentative Hous repeatedly; for opposing with manly Firmness his Invasions on the Rights of the People.
HE has refud for a long Time; after such Dissolutions; to cau others to be elected; whereby the Legislative Powers; incapable of the Annihilation; have returned to the People at large for their exerci; the State remaining in the mean time expod to all the Dangers of Invasion from without; and the Convulsions within.
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HE has endeavoured to prevent the Population of the States; for that Purpo obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their Migrations hither; and raising the Conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
HE has obstructed the Administration of Justice; by refusing his Asnt to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.
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HE has made Judges dependent on his Will alone; for the Tenure of their Offices; and the Amount and Payment of their Salaries.
HE has erected a Multitude of new Offices; and nt hither Swarms of Officers to harrass our People; and eat out their Substance.
HE has kept among us; in Times of Peace; Standing Armies; without the connt of our Legislatures.
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HE has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power.
HE has combined with others to subject us to a Jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution; and unacknowledged by our Laws; giving his Asnt to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
FOR quartering large Bodies of Armed Troops among us;
FOR protecting them; by a mock Trial; from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of the States:工作体系
FOR cutting off our Trade with all Parts of the World:
FOR imposing Taxes on us without our Connt:
FOR depriving us; in many Cas; of the Benefits of Trial by Jury:
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