考博英语-501
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)
Distance education is enrollment and study with an educational institution that provides lesson materials prepared in a quential and logical order for study by students on their own. When each lesson is completed, the student mails or transmits the assigned work to the institution for correction, grading, comment, and subject matter guidance by qualified instructors. Corrected assignments are returned promptly to the student. This exchange provides a personalized student-teacher relationship. If a student slows his or her pace or fails to nd assignments, the school provides encouragement. Although some institutions provide employment placement information and assistance, no reputable school ever guarantees a job to graduates.
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Distance education and lf-study are different. Self-study materials provide no instructional rvice. Corrected assignments, examinations, and special help provided by a qualified facility are vital to a good learning situation. However, the are not part of lf-study. There are many lf-study cours and recordings available, and they may have value, but they clearly are not correspondence or distance education cours. Some institutions offer combination cours that provide training-in-residence for students who complete their distance education lessons. In-rvice or on-the-job training is required or provided with other cours and is a feature of many vocational distance education programs.
Quality distance education institutions screen prospective students to assure that only tho who can benefit from the cours are enrolled. While there are educational prerequisites for some academic subjects, interest and aptitude are the primary factors leading to success in most distance education cours. Becau they provide alternative educational opportunities, distance education institutions try not to deny a prospective student the opportunity to succeed in a cour; interest and experience are good indicato
rs of future Success.
Distance education cours vary greatly in scope, level, and length. Some have few lessons and require only weeks to complete, while others have a hundred or more assignments requiring three or four years of conscientious study. Also, a wide variety of subjects is offered. Subjects include yacht design, accounting, medical transcription, nutrition, robotics, travel agent training, gun repair, gem identification, computer programming, catering and cooking, and earning an entire high school diploma, just to name a few.
There is an increasing recognition of "distance education" and many colleges offer credit for their distance learning cours or accept some distance education credits of resident students working toward a degree. In fact, many distance education institutions award their own academic degrees. Acceptance of students and awarding of academic credit is the prerogative of the receiving academic institution. Also, the employing organization may t its own credit acceptance policies.
（分数：5.00）
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(1).Which of the following questions does the passage ek to answer?（分数：1.00）
A.Why is distance education important to the modern society?
B.What is distance education? √
C.How does distance education differ from lf-study?
D.How is distance education different from college education?
解析：[解析] 从文章第一句“Distance education is enrollment and study with an educational institution that provides lesson materials prepared in a quential and logical order for study by students on their own.”可知，本文开篇就回答了“什么是远程教育”这个问题，接下来文章其他部分进一步阐述了远程教育各方面的问题，因此B项为正确答案。
(2).Which of the following is true of distance education?（分数：1.00）
A.The majority of the students fail to pass its examinations.什么是缓存
B.Personal tutors are assigned to students to offer regular help.
C.Teachers and students communicate through correspondence. √
D.The cours are t up to suit the pace of each individual student.
解析：[解析] 本题的依据句是第——段的“When each lesson returned promptly to the student.”据此可知，在远程教育中，师生通过通信进行交流，因此C项为正确答案。
(3).Distance education is different from lf-study in that it ______.（分数：1.00）
A.provides training-in-residence for students
B.caters to the interest of each individual student
C.is available to vast majority of students
D.offers instructional rvice to students √
解析：[解析] 本题的依据句是第二段第一、二句话“Distance education and lf-study are
different. Self-study materials provide no instructional rvice.”据此可知，远程教育与自学的不同之处在于自学不提供指导性的服务，因此D项为正确答案。
(4).In the third paragraph, the word "prospective" probably means ______.（分数：1.00）
无线鼠标没反应 A.intelligent
B.future √
C.successful
D.hardworking
解析：[解析] 本题的依据句是第三段的“Quality distance are enrolled.”据此可知，远程教育机构在招收学生之前要进行筛选，所以筛选之前的学生是“未来的”学生，因此推断prospective的意思是“预期的，未来的”，B项“future未来的，将来的”与之相符。
(5).It is implied in the passage that students of distance education ______.（分数：1.00）
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费直&joy greater freedom in choosing the subjects to study √
B.do not have to meet any enrolling requirement at all
C.take longer to complete their study than college students
D.can usually enter college to work toward a degree
解析：[解析] 本题可参照第四段和第五段，据此可以判断A项是正确的。从第三段第一句话“Quality distance education institutions screen prospective students to assure that only tho who can benefit from the cours are enrolled.”可以判断B项错误。C、D两项都与文中不符。
三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)
Rearchers have studied the poor as individuals, as families and houholds, as memb
ers of poor communities, neighborhoods and regions, as products of larger poverty-creating structures. They have been analyzed as victims of crime and criminals, as members of minority cultures, as passive consumers of mass culture and active producers of a "counterculture", as an economic burden and as a rerve army of labor—to mention just some of the preoccupations of poverty rearch.
The elites, who occupy the small upper stratum within the category of the non-poor, and their functions in the emergence and reproduction of poverty are as interesting and important an object for poverty rearch as the poor themlves. The elites have images of the poor and of poverty which shape their decisions and actions. So far, little is known about tho images, except as they are sketchily portrayed in popular stereotypes. The elites may well ignore or deny the external effects of their own actions (and omissions) upon the living conditions of the poor. Many social scientists may take a very different view. As poverty emerged and was reproduced, legal frameworks were created to contain the problems it caud with profound, and largely unknown, conquences for the poor themlves. In general, political, educational and social institutions tend to ignore or even 怎样灭老鼠
damage the interests of the poor. In constructing a physical infrastructure for transport, industry, trade and tourism, the ttlements of the poor are often the first to suffer or to be left standing and expod to pollution, noi and crowding.
库房工作总结Most important are the economic functions of poverty, as, for lack of other options the poor are forced to perform activities considered degrading or unclean. The poor are more likely to buy cond-hand goods and leftover foodstuffs, thus prolonging their economic utility. They are likely to u the rvices of low-quality doctors, teachers and lawyers whom the non-poor shy away from. Poverty and the poor rve an important symbolic function, in reminding citizens of the lot that may befall tho who do not heed the values of thrift, diligence and cleanliness, and of the constant threat that the rough, the immoral and the violent reprent for the rest of society.
Physically, the poor and the non-poor are kept apart, through differential land u and ghettoization. Socially, they are parated through differential participation in the labor market, the consumption economy, and in political, social and cultural institutions. Conceptually, they are divided through stereotyping-and media cliche. This paration is
even more pronounced between the elites and the poor.
（分数：5.00）
(1).According to the author, studying the elites also sheds light on poverty rearch becau ______.（分数：1.00）
A.they are also members of the same society as the poor
B.they play an important role in creating and reproducing poverty √
C.solution of the poverty problem is at their mercy
D.they know the living conditions of the poor better than other groups
解析：[解析] 本题的依据句是第二段中第一句话“The elites, as the poor themlves.”从中可知，在贫困研究中，研究少数上层社会的名流以及他们在产生和再现贫穷方面所起的作用是一项有趣，重要的课题。因此B项为正确答案。
(2).While social scientists are devoting much of their effort to poverty rearch, ______.（分数：1.00）
& enough legal frameworks have been created to relieve the condition of the poor
B.they have done little to actually provide relief programs for the poor
C.they ignore the role of the elites as an object for poverty rearch √
