九年级英语复习导学案
名 词
九年级英语组 马冬慧
你存在我深深的脑海教学目标:名词的用法,名词的种类,名词的性,名词的格,名词的语法功能,
自主学习:
一、名词
名词:表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念的名称的词名词。名词是任何事物的名称。名词在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语、定语以及状语等。名词的主要难点是:可数与不可数的概念,名词复数词尾的变化和领属关系的表达。
student 学生 chair 椅子 Hong Kong 香港 business 生意 state 州 communist共产者
time 时间 beauty 美 happiness 幸福
二、名词的种类
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
1、专有名词(proper noun)
专有名词是个别人、地方、团体或事物的名称。
2、普通名词(common noun)
普通名词是一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。
三、名词的数
1、可数名词和不可数名词(countable noun and uncountable noun)
名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数的。类名词和集体名词一般是可数的。少数名词既可用作不可数名词,又可用作可数名词,但意义有所不同。
2、单数和复数(singular and plural number)
不可数名词一般不分单复数。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。表示一个人或事物用单数,表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。
3、名词复数构成法
(1)规则名词复数形式的构成
备用金制度
绝大多数名词的复数形式由在单数后加-s或-es构成。具体如下:
① 在词末加-s。通常在单数名词之后加词尾-s。
② 名词以-s,-x,-z,-ch,-sh 结尾时,加-es,读 [iz]。
③ 名词以元音字母+y结尾时,加-s,读作[z];以辅音字母+ y结尾时,变y为i,再加-es,读[iz];专有名词中的y不变,直接加-s,读[z]。
④ 以辅音字母 +o结尾时,一般加-es,读[z]。
⑤ 以-f,-fe结尾时,一般先把-f,-fe 变为v,再加-es,读[z]。
⑥ 字母、数字、单词、符号被看作”字”时,常加 “’s”构成复数。
⑦复合名词复数形式多在主体名词上变化。
(2)不规则复数形式的构成
①有很多名词的复数形式是不规则的。有些名词以改变元音的方法变为复数,有些辅音也有变化。man→men男人 woman→women女人foot→feet脚 tooth→teeth牙
mou→mice鼠 goo→gee鹅 ox→oxen公牛 child→children儿童
②单数和复数为同一形式③有些名词只用复数形式
④抽象名词一般为不可数名词,但也有些是可数的
⑤抽象名词表示具体事例时也用复数
⑥物质名词一般不可数,但表示不同类别时也用复数。
⑦表示连绵不绝的物质、强调单数所表达的意义或用来表明”大量”、”程度很大”的意义时也用复数。
⑧有些名词的复数形式具有不同意义。⑨只有单数形式的名词
四、名词的性
1、名词的性的形式
现代英语的名词在语法上没有特定表示性的形式,但有一部分名词也可分为阳性、中性和阴性。氧氟沙星说明书
五、名词的格
跑铅钓法名词的格是指名词具有的形式及其变化,体现名词在句子中与其他词的关系。名词有三个格,即主格、宾格和所有格。
1、主格和宾格(nominative and objective ca)
名词的主格和宾格都没有形式变化,要通过名词在句子中的位置和作用来确定。作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格。
2、名词所有格(posssive ca)形式
名词所有格一般表示所有关系。有-‘s所有格和of所有格两种。
六、名词的语法功能
1、作主语The young woman played an important part in the matter.
2、作宾语I met your elder brother in the street。
3、作表语It's a good idea to plant trees here .
读书推荐卡4、作宾语的补足语They elected Tom head of the workshop.
5、作定语6、作状语
自我检测:
1. Ten years had pasd. I found she had ____.
A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs
2. I have made ____ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend
3. The population of Beijing is ____ than that of Xi’an. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small
4. There are thirty-two ____ in our school.
A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teachers
5. He had tried everything but it made little______ .
A. u B. good C. difference D. result
6. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any______ .
A. excu B. n C. u D. value
作业:练习册P1名词
63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the______ .
A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. cour
蜂蜜鸡蛋64. One splendid mountain______ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.
A. view B. glance C. screen D. scene
65.The new law will come into ___on the day it is pasd. (1999上海)
A. effect B. u C. rvice D. existence
66. When you play' football, what ______do you play?
A. situation B. place C. part D. position
67. It's important for us to employ a word or a phra according to the______in language studies.
A. situation 麻将台上淫 B. expression C. condition D. translation
68. I wrote him a letter to show my ______of his thoughtfulness.
A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciation
69. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-ri is that you can get a good______ .
A. sight B. scene C. view D. look
70. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of ______are widely ud in the country.
A. energy B. force C. power D. materials
71. ______with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.
A. Contrast B. Competition C. Contact D. Combination
72. We all know that______speak louder than words.
糖的功效和作用A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions
73.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ___.(NMET1997 38)
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
74.We've misd the last bus. I'm afraid we have no ____but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33)
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. lection
75.He dropped the ___and broke it . (Met 1993, 38)
A. cup of coffee B. coffee's cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
76.Here's my card. Let's keep in ____. (NMET1994 ,33)