一、元音
1. 元音是指发音时气流可以相对不受阻碍地从口腔或鼻孔中排出。
2. 英语中有20个元音，其中单元音12个，如 /i:/、 /ɪ/、 /e/、 /æ/、/ɜ:/、 /ə/、 /ɑ:/ 、/ʌ/、 /ɔ:/、 /ɒ/、 /u:/、 /ʊ/ ；双元音8个，如/a ɪ/、 /e ɪ/、 /a ʊ/、 /əʊ/、 /ɔɪ/、/ɪə/、 /e ə/、 /ʊə/。
句子节奏Sentence Rhythm 一、句子的节奏介绍
句子的节奏就是语音的基本要素在语百运用中形成的高低、长短、强弱、轻 重交替出现的现象。英语中，名词、形容词、实义动词和大部分副词需要重读， 而一些语法词，如介词、代词、助动词、冠词和
连词一般不重读。掌握英语节奏 的规律有助于提高听力理解能力。英语语流的节奏有如下特点：
第一：英语读音以重音为主干，轻音为陪衬，轻重音交替；
例： ： I could hardly believe my eyes.
此句的节奏是：aaAaaAaA (用A 和
a 分别代表重读和非重读音节，下同）
第二：重读的音节读得重些、长些、慢些，而相反，轻读的音节读得轻些、 短些、快些；
例：He’s blue in the face and looks funny.
此句的节奏是：
aAaaAaAAa 第三：音节数量相等的两句话，重读音节越多的句子所用的时间就越长；反 之，则越短。每个重读音节“等时距”地出现，即每一个重读音节出现的时间间 隔大致相等，而不管重读音节之间的非重读音节的个数。
例：
The first six have all won a prize.
There were prizes for six of them.
上面两个句子的节奏分别是：aAAaAAaA 和aaAaaAaa 。
这两个句子分别都 有8个音节，但是第一句有五个重音音节，而第二句中有两个，因此，说第二句的所需时间还不到第一句的一半。
初三听力 听力技巧 知识点
听力专项
例：
The electricity board stated that they would be obliged to consider the reintroduction of power cuts.
此句的节奏是：aaaAaaAAaaaaaaAaaAaaAaaAaaAaA。
这是一位著名的语言学家记录的新闻广播中的一句话。我们注意到句中Aaa模式最多，每一个Aaa所用的时间是一样的。播音员在朗读两个重音节AA时，会拉长第一个重读音节，而六个连续的非重读音
节则尽量缩短发音时间。因此，同一个句子里，从每一个重读音节开始，到下一个重读音节之前的非重读音节结束，时间间歇基本是一样的。
三、练习| Exercis
定频空调与变频空调有什么区别
I.Listen to the ntences and mark the stresd syllables with a capitalized “A “paying attention to the rhythms.
1. Mike was losing the fight but he would not surrender.
2. Windy days are characteristic of March in the north of China.
3. Betty gets very depresd from time to time becau of the pressure of her work.
4. His father was recently assigned by the head office to the overas sales department
5. We’ve done years of work m showing that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst muscle fibers.
6. The driver was speeding in the rain, and finally the car was beyond the command of the driver and ran into a tree.
7. Susan has been lfish all the time, but has promid to make a fresh and better beginning and become more loving toward others.
8. Once your children learn that nagging and arguing no longer work, they will come to respect your decisions.
9. He further argues that TV is a deadening experience as it is restricted to just two ns —sight and sound.
10. A spider simply eats its own web each evening and reus k to manufacture new silk. Answer key:
1. Mike was losing the fight but he would not surrender.
A A A A A
AaAaaAaaaAaAa
2. Windy days are characteristic of March in the north of China.
A A A A A A
爱很简单吉他谱
AaAaaaaAaaAaaAaAa
3. Betty gets very depresd from time to time becau of the pressure of her work.
A A A A A A A A A
AaAAaaAaaAaAaAaaAaaaA
4. His father was recently assigned by the head office to the overas sales department
谥法A A A A A A A A
aAaaAaaaAaaAAaaaAaaAaAa
5. We’ve done years of work in showing that excess al arm or stress chemicals can literally burst
A A A A A A A A A
muscle fibers.
碱性磷酸酶A A
aAAaAaAaaAaaAaAAaaaAaaaAAaAa
A A A A A A A
driver and ran into a tree.
A A A
AAaaAaaaA, aAaaaAaaAaaAaaAaaAaaaA
7. Susan has been lfish all the time, but has promid to make a fresh and better beginning
A A A A A A A A A
and become more loving toward others.
A A A A
AaaaAaAaA, aaAaaaAaAaAaaAaaaA AAa aAAa
8. Once your children learn that nagging and arguing no longer work, they will come to respect
A A A A A A A A A
your decisions.
A A
AaAaAaAaaAaaAaA, aaAaaAaaAa
9. He further argues that TV is a deadening experience as it is restricted to just two ns —
A A AA A A A A A A
sight and sound.
A A
AAaAaaAAaaAaaaAaaaaaAaaAAAaAaA
10. A spider simply eats its own web each evening and reus k to manufacture new silk.
A A A A A A A A A A A
aAaAaAaAAAAaaaAaaaaaAaAA
句子意群Sen Group 一、句子的意群介绍
一句话可以按照意义和语法；结构分成若干个部分，每个具有一定意义或语法
功能的一组词就称为一个意群。在听的过程中，我们要练习以意群为单位来听， 这样听到的东西才是意义的，否则即使听懂了每个单词，也可能不知所云。
例：Did the postman / bring any letter / today?
(意群用符号“/”来表示。）
It will make you / more aware of / how you spend your time.
Listen to the ntences and mark the n group with a slash “/”.
1. Most patients promi something in exchange for prolongation of life.
2. His changes of manner did not offend me, becau I saw that I had nothing to do with the cau of them.
3. They found that the mobile phoned individuality and privacy gave people the ability to express a whole new outer personality.
4. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle- class to feel slightly ashamed of their position.
前言2
6. People are just sitting passively for up to four hours a night watching a flickering screen and listening to artificial sound.
7. The team began to think if such amazing results could be achieved with brain-damaged children, what would happen if the same treatment were given to nor-mal children.
8. A study has shown/that patients who had a view onto a garden/needed half the number of strong pain killers/compared with patients who had no view at all/ or only brick walls to look at.
9. If we deny the realit y of “terminal illness”，the patient will often feel derted, isolated, and lonely and unable to communicate with another human being what he need so desperately to share.
10. The anger and frustration displayed by people who do not understand what is happening to them will be a terrible and dangerous force in all major industrial economies.
Answer key:
1. Most patients promi something/in exchange for prolongation of life.
2. His changes of manner /did not offend me,/becau I saw that /I had nothing to do/with the cau of them.
腊肉饭的做法电饭煲做
3. They found/that the mobile phoned individuality and privacy/gave people the ability /to express a whole new outer personality.
4. In fact /there has been a growing tendency/in the past few years /for the middle- class to feel slightly ashamed of their position.
5. Millions of Americans/ run to the bank / or visit automated tell machines/when they need cash.
6. People are just sitting passively/ for up to four hours a night /watching a flickering screen / and listening to artificial sound.
7. The team began to
think/if such amazing results could be achieved /with brain-damaged
children, /what would happen/if the same treatment were given to nor-mal children.
8. A study has shown/that patients /who had a view onto a garden/needed half the number of strong pain killers/compared with patients /who had no view at all/ or only brick walls to look at.
9. If we deny the reality of “terminal illness”，/the patient will often feel /derted, isolated, and lonely/and unable to communicate with another human being /what he need so desperately to share.
10. The anger and frustration/ displayed by people/who do not understand /what is happening to them /will be a terrible and dangerous force/ in all major industrial economies.
一、单选题
党的历史故事1、（2011四中初一上期中）根据音标选择正确的单词。
A．56.
例题
B．make C．meet
D．met
E．57.
F．right G．read
H．ride
I．58.
J．aunt K．uncle
L．at
婴儿肌张力
M．59.
N．listen O．lesson P．lab
Q．60. R．daughter S．dinner T．doctor U．picture V．parent W．piano X．start Y．science Z．cretary
A2．any家庭理财
B2．money
C2．many
D2．family
E2．factory
F2．favorite
G2．practice
H2．price
I2．prent
【答案】
A B C
【解析】
考查单词与音标。
