《高级英语阅读（一）》期末考核题
工作中存在的问题及改进措施（请把答案打印在第二页答案卷上）
I 翻译以下句子： （出自教材 《高级英语阅读一》第48页，第4课 Text A）
All stress, positive or negative, stimulates a basic biological reaction called fight or flight. This is a hormonally stimulated state of arousal that prepares you to face whatever challenge is at hand, be it your daughter's wedding, a job interview, an argument with your spou, or the assault of a would-be mugger.
II Read Lesson 9， Text A “Shooting an Elephant”(教材第 125-127页) ，answer the following questions
Shooting an Elephant红楼之一表三千里
By George Orwell
One day something happened which in a roundabout way was enlightening. It was a tiny in
创业板市场cident in itlf, but it gave me a better glimp than I had had before of the real nature of imperialism—the real motives for which despotic governments act. Early one morning the sub-inspector at a police station on the other end of town rang me up on the phone and said that an elephant was ravaging the bazaar, Would I plea come and do something about it? I did not know what I could do, but I wanted to e what was happening and I got on a pony and started out. I took my rifle, an old .44 Winchester and much too small to kill an elephant, but I thought the noi might be uful in terrorem. Various Burmans stopped me on the way and told me about the elephant's doings, it was not, of cour, a wild elephant, but a tame one which had gone "must." It had been chained up, as tame elephants always are when their attack of "must" is due, but on the previous night it had broken its chain and escaped. Its mahout, the only person who could manage it when it was in that state, had t out in pursuit, but had taken the wrong direction and was now twelve hours' journey away, and in the morning the elephant had suddenly reappeared in the town. The Burme population had no weapons and were quite helpless against it. It had already destroyed somebody's bamboo hut, killed a cow and raided some fruit-stalls
and devoured the stock; also it had met the municipal rubbish van and, when the driver jumped out and took to his heels, had turned the van over and inflicted violence upon it.cricos
The Burme sub-inspector and some Indian constables were waiting for me in the quarter where the elephant had been en. It was a very poor quarter, a labyrinth of squalid bamboo huts, thatched with palm-leaf, winding all over a steep hillside. I remember that it was a cloudy, stuffy morning at the beginning of There was a loud, scandalized cry of "Go away, child! Go away this instant!" and an old woman with a switch in her hand came round the corner of a hut, violently shooing away a crowd of naked children. Some more women followed, clicking their tongues and exclaiming; evidently there was something that the children ought not to have en. I rounded the hut and saw a man's dead body sprawling in the mud. He was an Indian, a black Dravidian coolie, almost naked, and he could not have been dead many minutes. The people said that the elephant had come suddenly upon him round the corner of the hut, caught him with its trunk, put its foot on his back and ground him into As soon as I saw the dead man I nt an orderly to a friend's hou nearby to borrow an elephant rifle.
The orderly came back in a few minutes with a rifle and five cartridges, and mean-while some Burmans had arrived and told us that the elephant was in the paddy fields below, only a few hundred yards away. As I started forward practically the whole population of the quarter flocked out of the hous and followed me. They had en the rifle and were all shouting excitedly that I was going to shoot the elephant. They had not shown much interest in the elephant when he was merely ravaging their homes, but it was different now that he was going to be shot. It was a bit of fun to them, as it would be to an English crowd; besides they wanted the meat. It made me vaguely uneasy. I had no intention of shooting the elephant I had merely nt for the rifle to defend mylf if necessary w and it is always unnerving to have a crowd following you. I marched down the hill, looking and feeling a fool, with the rifle over my shoulder and an ever-growing army of people jostling at my heels. At the bottom, the elephant was standing eight yards from the road, his left side towards us. He took not the slightest notice of the crowd's approach. He was tearing up bunches of grass, beating them against his knees to clean them and stuffing them into his mouth.
I had halted on the road. As soon as I saw the elephant I knew with perfect certainty that I ought not to shoot him. It is a rious matter to shoot a working elephant it is comparable to destroying a huge and costly piece of machinery m and obviously one ought not to do it if it can possibly be avoided. And at that distance, peacefully eating, the elephant looked no more dangerous than a cow. I thought then and I think now that his attack of "must" was already passing off; in which ca he would merely wander harmlessly about until the mahout came back and caught him. Moreover, I did not in the least want to shoot him. I decided that I would watch him for a little while to make sure that he did not turn savage again, and then go home.
分飞
But at that moment, I glanced round at the crowd that had followed me. It was an immen crowd, two thousand at the least and growing every minute. It blocked the road for a long distance on either side. I looked at the a of yellow faces above the garish clothes—faces all happy and excited over this bit of fun, all certain that the elephant was going to be shot. They were watching me as they would watch a conjuror about to perform a trick. They did not like me, but with the magical rifle in my hands I was moment
歌管楼台声细细
arily worth watching. And suddenly I realized that I should have to shoot the elephant after all. The people expected it of me and I had got to do it; I could feel their two thousand wills pressing me forward, irresistibly. And it was at this moment, as I stood there with the rifle in my hands, that I first grasped the hollowness, the futility of the white man's dominion in the East. Here was I, the white man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed native crowd—emingly the leading ac- tor of the piece; but in reality I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the ,Mil of tho yellow faces behind. I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his tire in trying to impress the "natives," and so in every crisis he has got to do what the "natives" expect of him. He wears a mask, and his face grows to fit it. I had got to shoot the elephant. I had committed mylf to doing it when 1 nt for the rifle. A sahib has got to act like a sahib; he has got to appear resolute, to know his own mind and do definite things. To come all that way, rifle in hand, with two thousand people marching at my heels, and then to trail fe
一串心ebly away, having done nothing—no, that was impossible. The crowd would laugh at me. And my whole life, every white man's life in the East, was one long struggle not to be laughed at.
It was perfectly clear to me what I ought to do. I ought to walk up to within, say, twenty-five yards of the elephant and test his behavior. If he charged, I could shoot; if he took no notice of me, it would be safe to leave him until the mahout came back. But also 1 knew that I was going to do no such thing. I was a poor shot with a rifle and the ground was soft mud into which one would sink at every step. If the elephant charged and I misd him, I should have about as much chance as a toad under a steam-roller. But even then I was not thinking particularly of my own skin, only of the watchful yellow faces behind. For at that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary n, as I would have been ill had been alone. A white man mustn't be frightened in front of "natives"; and so, in general, he isn't frightened. The sole thought in my mind was that if anything went wrong tho two thousand Burmans would e me pursued, caught, trampled on and reduced to a grinning corp like that Indian up the hill. And if that happe
ned it was quite probable that some of them would laugh. That would never do. There was only one alternative. I shoved the cartridges into the magazine and lay down on the read to get a better aim.
