高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)含解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇靡的成语阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some rearchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence.
For their study, biologist Corson Miller and his team expos eleven lected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy. Half the dogs were rewarded for touching the screen when shown a happy face, while the other half got their treat for lecting tho that appeared angry.
Interestingly, the dogs were not provided with the entire face. Some dogs were shown only upper halves while the others obrved lower halves. That's becau the scientists believe humans show their emotions on their entire face.
头巾的戴法
温琼
After some training like how to recognize small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that accompany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the correct expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face. The rearchers concluded the dogs were smart enough to read human emotions.
They also found tho being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn. They guess it may be becau dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly. However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation政策性借读生 emed to disappear. In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the computer "game" That scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was completed.
The rearchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly. Since the touch-screen models were all females, this confirmed what has been obrved in previous studies dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner.
（1）How did the scientists conduct the experiment?
元宝针的织法
A.By leaving dogs to women who are either happy or angry.
B.By mixing the lected dogs together.
C.By rewarding only half of the dogs touching the screen 墨三
微信怎么举报D.By showing digital pictures of women's happy or angry faces.
（2）The underlined word "trepidation" in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.
A.fear and hesitation
B.curiosity and eagerness
C.excitement and happiness
D.doubt and sadness
（3）According to the last paragraph, dogs with female owners ________.
A.are fond of the male faces
B.are uninterested in telling the emotions on the entire faces
C.have difficulty telling the moods on the faces of males
D.can only recognize emotions of females
（4）What is the best title for this passage?
A.Mood Changes Influence Dogs
B.Dogs Identify the Moods
C.dogs and Their Owners
D.Dog's Mood Rearch
【答案】 （1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最新的实验发现，即狗能够识别人的面部表情的变化。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"For their study biologist Corson Miller and his team expod eleven lected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy."可知，实验人员通过屏幕向这些狗展示了一组女性面部表情的照片，这些表情中既有快乐的，也有愤怒的。故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的"They guess it may be becau dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly"以及"However"可知，与前面意思相反，以及划线词后的"disappear"可知"once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation emed to disappear.…"此句为，狗看到生气的表情后会感到厌
恶，并由此退缩，但是一旦聪明的狗意识到会有奖励之后，它们的恐惧以及退缩就会消失。由此可判断出A符合题意，故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"......this confirmed what had been obrved in previous studies―dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner"可知，狗擅长辨别与自己主人性别相同的人的表情，由此推断，让主人是女性的狗来辨别男性面部表情的图片是比较困难的。故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。第一段提出文章的主旨即“每个狗的主人都知道他们的狗狗能很好地读懂他们的情绪，但科学家们一直有点怀疑。现在，有证据表明这是正确的”，接着在下文用硬实证明了这一点。因此本文的最好的题目就是“狗能识别人的情绪”。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Throughout much of human history, man has been the measure of many, if not all, things. Lengths were divided up into feet and smaller units from the human hand. Other measures were equally characteristic. Mediterranean traders for centuries ud the weight of grains of wheat to define (定义) their units of mass. The Romans ud libra, forerunner of the pound, by referring to the weight of a carob (角豆树) ed.
