ca.现在分词功能形式变化思维导图

更新时间:2023-07-18 21:16:07 阅读：评论：0

动词的ing形式的句法功能	1．作主语 as the subject ['sʌbdʒikt]	ing形式 + 谓语动词				Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。技术转让合同Traveling abroad can be very exciting. 出国旅游是很激动人心的。 Learning new words is very important. 学习新的单词是非常重要的。
		It's+ 形容词（附表1） + ing形式				It's nice talking to you. 和你谈话很高兴。 It's good hearing English spoken. 听到人家在讲英语，我很高兴。 It's dangerous your drinking so much liquor. 你喝那么多酒，真危险。
		It's + 名词（附表2） + ing形式				It's no u arguing about it. 争论那件事毫无用处。 It's been a lot of fun meeting you清炒茼蒿的做法. 见到你真是太有趣了。 It's a waste of time your talking to him. 你跟他说话，真是浪费时间。
	2. 作宾语 as the object ['ɔbdʒikt]	有些动词（附表3）只能接ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语	1.I enjoy working with you. 我喜欢和你共事。 Pardon my asking, but is that your husband? 请原谅我多问，那位是您的先生 2.Would you mind filling out this form? 请你填这张表格好吗？ She admitted having driven the car without insurance. 她供认驾驶了这辆没有保险的轿车。 3.He avoided giving us definite answer. 他避免给我们作明确的回答。 He can’t endure being defeated.他无法忍受失败。 4.You mustn't delay nding the letter. 你不要耽误了送信。 Excu my interrupting you. 对不起，打扰你一下。 5.He left off playing the piano to answer the door.他停止弹钢琴，前去开门。 Do you fancy going out this evening? 今晚你想不想出去？ 6.Lentils ['lentil] do not require soaking before cooking.小扁豆在烹饪前不必浸泡。吗？ He narrowly escaped being killed.他险些丧命。 7.I’d advi buying your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August. She narrowly misd hitting him.
		作短语动词的宾语包括含介词to的动词短语（附表4）	I'm thinking of visiting the cities. 我在想游览这些城市。 She was tired of drawing. 她厌倦画画。 He's fond of swimming in deep water. 他喜欢在深水游泳。 I object to being jumped upon for trivial matter like this. 我讨厌因这种小事而受人责备。 She isn’t ud to living in the countryside now她不习惯在乡下生活。 Reporters should stick to investigating the facts. 记者应该坚持调查事实真相。 I've been looking forward to coming to Beijing. 我一直盼望来北京
		作介词的宾语	I like your method of doing the work. 我喜欢你做这工作的方法。 After playing chess, we watched TV. 下完象棋之后，我们看电视。 Thanks for coming to e me. 谢谢你，来看我。 Instead of going home, he went to e a film. 他没有回家而是去看电影。
	3. 作宾补 as the object complement	动词 ing形式作宾补，表示动作正在进行。感觉到的动作不是全过程。					We saw them <walking across the road>. 我们看见他们穿过那条马路。 I heard a woman <crying downstairs>. 我听见一个妇女在楼下叫喊。 I felt something <crawling [krɔ:l]onto my leg>. 我感到有东西爬上我的双腿。She is listening to her sister <singing>. 她正在听她妹妹唱歌。
	4. 作定语 as the attributive [ə'tribjutiv]	作名词的前置定语（附表5）			童话故事网There is a (swimming) pool in the building.
		ing形式短语作后置定语			Do you know the man( standing at the entrance)? 你认识站在入口处的那个人吗？ There were a lot of people (boating on the lake.) 湖上有许多正在划船的人。
	5. 作表语 as the predicative ['predi.keitiv]	动词ing形式作表语表示泛指意义的动作						His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好就是集邮。 My hobby is growing flowers. 我的爱好是种花。 My favourite sport is playing tennis. 我喜爱的运动是打网球。
		在句型"主 + 系 + 表"中，若主语和表语都是非谓语形式时，主语和表语要取得一致。如：主语是ing形式表语也应是ing形式，主语是不定式时表语也应是不定式。							Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 To e is to believe.
	6. 作状语 as the adverbial [əd'və:biəl]	作时间状语		[Crossing the road], he was run over by a car. [Having done their homework], the students played football.
		作原因状语		[Not knowing English], he couldn't understand the film. [Having lived in Shanghai for years], he knows the place very well.
		作条件状语		[Working hard], you will do well in the exam. [Turning to the left], you will e the post office.
		作结果状语		His parents died in the war, [leaving him an orphan]. The child fell, [striking his head against the door and cutting it].
		作让步状语		[Working or reading], she always did her best. [Not being a rich man himlf], he helped the poor generously.
		作伴随状语		The children went into the classroom, [talking and laughing]. She sat there, [staring at the ceiling （['si:liŋ]天花板）].

（附表1）It's+ 形容词 + ing形式

uless	nice	good	interesting	dangerous
无用的	令人愉快的	好的	令人感兴趣的	危险的

（附表2）It's + 名词 + ing形式

简短自我介绍

no u	no good"好处"	fun	a waste of time
没有用	没有好处	乐趣	时间上的浪费

（附表3）有些动词只能接ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语

读书让我快乐

suggest	finish	avoid	can't help	mind	admit	enjoy	leave off	require	postpone	put off
建议	完成	避免	忍不住	介意	承认	喜欢	停止	需要	推迟	推迟
delay	practice	fancy	excu	pardon	advi	consider	deny	endure	escape	miss
推迟	练习	想要	宽恕	原谅	建议	考虑	否认	忍受	逃	未击中
	蒜苗炒鱿鱼

（附表4）作短语动词的宾语包括含介词to的动词短语

devote …to	object to	pay attention to	get down to	lead to	look forward to	stick to	be ud to	get ud to
把……献于	反对	注意	着手，开始	导致	盼望	坚持	习惯于	习惯于

（附表5）动词ing形式作名词的前置定语

swimming pool	teaching method	washing machine	walking stick	Sleeping Beauty	sleeping bag	running water
游泳池	教学方法	洗衣机	手杖	睡美人	睡袋	自来水
running shoes	jumping rope	jumping board	diving suit	laughing line	crying shame	waking device
运动鞋	跳绳	起跳板	宫崎骏图片潜水服	笑纹	奇耻大辱	叫醒
dying words	livingroom	dining room	helping teacher	killing hou	singing sand	dancing hall
遗嘱	客厅	餐厅	辅助老师	屠宰场	鸣沙	舞厅

动词ing形式的复合结构

ing形式的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语是一致的。但是，如果出现ing形式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，则要在ing形式的前面加上一个物主代词，或名词所有格。在非正式语体中也可以用名词的通格或代词宾格代替。"ing形式的复合结构"在句子中可以作主语、表语和宾语：

作主语

Your coming to help us was a great encouragement. 你们来帮助我们是一种极大的鼓舞。

It is (of) no u your telling me not to worry. 你要我不要担心是没有用的。

My son staying up so late worried me. 我儿子老是熬夜令我担心。

作表语

Our only worry is your relying too much on yourlf. 我们唯一担心的是你太倚重自己。

作宾语

Do you mind my smoking here? 我在这儿抽烟你介意吗？

I can't understand his thinking like that. 我不能理解他的这种想法。

I don't mind him going. 他去我没有意见。

She hates people losing their tempers. 她讨厌人发脾气。怎么锻炼腰部肌肉

I hate people being unhappy. 我不喜欢有人闷闷不乐。

动词ing形式的时态

一般式

ing形式一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是正在发生：

[Arriving at the station], he found the train had left. 到达车站时，他发现火车已经开了。（动作几乎同时）

The man (planting trees in front of the building) is our schoolmaster. 在大楼前面种树的那个人是我们的校长。（正在发生）

Locking the door, she went out. (locking 与went out 之间无时隔)

完成式

ing形式完成式表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前：

[Having dresd mylf], I went to the office. 我穿好了衣服就到办公室去。（ing形式的动作在先） [Not having tried his best], he failed in the exam. 由于没有尽力备考，他考试没能通过。（ing形式的动作在先） Having finished his pipe, he ro from the table. （having finished 与ro有时隔，以免唐突无礼）

动词ing形式的语态

被动态

当逻辑主语是ing形式的承受者时，ing形式应采用被动态。

This question is far from being ttled. 这个问题远没有解决。 I don't remember having been given a chance to have a try. 我记不起曾经有人给过我一个机会让我尝试一下。 Do you mind Jam's being left alone at home? 詹姆独自一个人在家你介意吗？ He has insisted on his being called Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner. 他强调过被称为特纳博士，而不是特纳先生。

主动的形式被动意义

表格中的动词后面接ing形式，用主动的形式表示被动的含义。