The children in this nurrylookvery healthy.这个托⼉所的孩⼦看起来都⾮常健康。Keepquiet,plea!请安静!,
The tape recorderemsall right.这台录⾳机好像没有⽑病。
Later hebecamea doctor.他后来成为⼀名医⽣。
The problemremainedunsolved until last year.问题到去年才解决。
[注⼀]下⾯句⼦中的come和go也是连系动词。如:
The old man's dream has come true.这位⽼⼈的梦想实现了。
Something has gone wrong with the truck.卡车出⽑病了。
[注⼆] 有些连系动词如em, appear等后⾯常跟to be。如:
The new text ens to be easy,but actually it is rather difficult.这篇新课⽂好像很容易,其实相当难。
She appears to be the girl's sister.她似乎是那⼥孩的姐姐。
3) 情态动词
情态动词有can (能),may (可以,也许),must(必须)等,表⽰能⼒、义务、必要、猜测等说话⼈的语⽓或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词⼀起构成谓语动词。
我懂了她4) 助动词
读书绘画作品助动词有shall,will,have,be,should,wonld, do等。它们只能和主要动词⼀起构成各种时态、语态、语⽓等动词形式,以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。
3. 及物动词和不及物动词
从是否能直接跟宾语来分,实义动词⼜有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1) 及物动词
后⾯必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:
Ibelievethat the committee willconsiderour suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
'How long can Ikeepthe book ?'Harry asked.哈⾥问:'这本书我可以借多久?'
Dr. Bethunetus a good example. ⽩求恩⼤夫给我们树⽴了好榜样。
Crude oilcontainsmany uful substances.原油含有许多有⽤的物质。
2) 不及物动词
本⾝意义完整后⾯不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:
Birdsfly.鸟会飞。
Ithappenedin June 1932.这件事发⽣于⼀九三;年六⽉。
My watchstopped.我的表停了。
Shespokeat the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了⾔。
3) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词
英语⾥有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词⼜有两种不同的情况:
a) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试⽐较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以⽴刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物
动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
b) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗⼿。
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
4) 与汉语的⽐较
有时英语动词的及物和不及物的⽤法,与汉语的⽤法不⼀样,请注意下列两种情况:
a)有的动词在英语⾥只能⽤作不及物动词,⽽汉语则可⽤作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语⾥这些动词后⾯常接介词。如:
We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达⽕车站。(at不能省去)(⽐较:We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个⼈都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去) (⽐较:We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)
b)有的动词在英语⾥能⽤作及物动词,⽽在汉语⾥则不能⽤作及物动词,如rve为…服务。Our children are taught to rve the people wholeheartedly.我们的⼉童被教以全⼼全意为⼈民服务。
4. 短语动词
动词常和某些其他词类⽤在⼀起,构成固定词组,形成所谓短语动词(phrasal verb)。和动词⼀样,短语动词也可分为及物和不及物两种。短语动词可以作为⼀个整体看待,同⼀般动词⼀样使⽤。
1) 动词 + 介词
这类短语动词⽤作及物动词,后⾯须跟宾语。如:
The small boy insisted on going with his parents.那男孩坚持要跟⽗母⼀起去。
Do you often listen to broadcasts in English? 你常听英语⼴播吗?
Look at the children. Aren't they lovely?看着这些孩⼦们。他们多么可爱呀!
We stand for lf-reliance.我们是主张⾃⼒更⽣的。
这⼀类的短语动词还有很多,如depend on (upon)(依*),wait on (服侍),look for (寻找),deal with(对待),look after(照料),wait for(等待)等。
肉的简笔画2) 动词+副词
这类短语动词有的⽤作及物动词,有的⽤作不及物动词。如:
四六级单词I always get up as soon as the bell rings. 我总是⼀打铃就起床。(不及物)
Look out,there's a car coming! 当⼼,来汽车了!(不及物)
Have you handed in your exercis already? 你已经交练习了吗?(及物)
Plea don't forget to put on your coat;it's cold outside.请不要忘记穿外⾐,外⾯很冷。(及物)这⼀类的短语动词还有很多,及物如 put out (扑灭), eat up (吃光),putdown(放下);不及物如t off (出
发),come up(⾛近),go on(继续)。
[注⼀]'动词+副词'这类短语动词和上⾯第⼀类'动词 + 介词'的不同之处在于:'动词+ 介词'⽤作及
物动词,后⾯须跟宾语。'动词 + 副词'则有的及物,有的不及物;⽤作及物动词⽽宾语为⼈称代词或⾃⾝代词时,副词往往放在宾语之后。如:
Plea wake me up at five tomorrow.请在明天早上五点唤醒我。
If you have done your exercis,plea hand them in.如果你们练习做完了请交来。
She doesn't normally behave like that;she's putting it on.她通常并不如此表现,她是装出来的。
[注⼆]这类短语动词有不少可兼作及物和不及物动词⽤。如:
上学路上的景色He took off his hat when he entered the office.
他进办公室后脱下帽⼦。(及物)
The plane took off at ven sharp.
飞机在七点整起飞。(不及物)
Charlie rang up Neil to ask about the time of the meeting.
查理打电话给尼尔问开会的时间。(及物)
If you can't come,plea ring up and let us know.你如来不了,请来电话告诉我们⼀声。(不及物)
3) 动词 + 副词 + 介词
短语动词'动词 + 副词'之后有的可以再加⼀个介词,形成另⼀种短语动词。这类短语动词⽤作及物动词。如:
Do not give up hope. We must go on with the experiment
不要失望。我们必须继续试验。(go on with继续)
He came up to me.他⾛到我跟前。(come up to⾛近)
这类短语动词还有:look down upon(看不起),do away with(去掉),put up with(忍受)等。
4) 动词 + 名词 + 介词
这类短语动词也是及物的。如
阿莫西林克拉维酸钾分散片说明书
He shook hands with all the guests at the banquet.他在宴会上和宾客⼀⼀握⼿。员工离职表
Young pioneers often come to the Children's Palace to take part in after=school activities. 少先队员经常到少年宫来参加课外活动。
Pay attention to the temperature of the stored rice.注意仓库⾥的稻⾕的温度。
Her job is taking care of the babies.她的⼯作是照顾婴⼉。
慈吉中学
这⼀类短语动词还有:put an end to (结束),take notice of (注意),catch hold of (抓住),lo sight of(看不见),make u of(利⽤)等