现代诗歌大全摘 要
无泡曝气膜生物反应器（MABR ）是利用气体分离膜作为微生物附着载体并为微生物膜提供氧气，利用微生物的生化特性去除水体中的COD 、氨氮等污染物的一种新型污水处理技术。无泡曝气、氧气-底物异向传质和微生物膜分层结构是MABR 系统最突出的三个特点，也使得MABR 技术具有许多传统生物反应器无可比拟的优点。
本论文设计了新型FT-MABR 反应器，能够避免水流短路现象的产生，使水流均匀分布且保持水流错流流过中空纤维膜。开展了长期运行实验和跟踪实验，研究水流流速、进水负荷以及C/N 对FT-MABR 去除COD 、氨氮和总氮效果的影响。重点分析水流流速对反应器性能以及脱氮效果的影响。长期运行实验表明，水流流速的提高有利于FT-MABR 的抗冲击负荷能力以及对氧气的利用率的提高。高水流流速下，FT-MABR 具有优先去除氨氮的能力，脱氮过程倾向于以亚硝酸盐为中间产物的短程反硝化过程。因此，FT-MABR 能够在较低C/N 下实现高效脱氮。C/N 分别为3、5和7时，总氮去除率分别达到50.7%、70.8%和85.6%。FT-MABR 适合对低C/N 废水进行处理。
结合MABR 技术、间歇式曝气操作和人工强化生物膜脱落技术，开发出具有强化除磷脱氮功能的新型SMABR 技术，对其除磷脱氮效果和操作参数进行了研究，为生物膜过程实现除磷脱氮进行了有意义的探索。SMABR 能够创造好氧硝化-厌氧反硝化、释磷/好氧吸磷三个阶段，实现单一反应器内的除磷脱氮。
SMABR 对COD 、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别能达到90%、95%和65%以上。实验首次实现了单一MABR 反应器内的强化除磷脱氮。
本文还对MABR 技术处理真实制药废水的工业化应用进行了研究。结合水解酸化前处理和活性炭吸附后处理工艺，设计建造以MABR 工艺为主要处理过程的中试规模制药废水处理系统。开展260天的长期运行实验，对曝气压力、曝气方式、循环流速以及水质水量变化对MABR 处理效能的影响进行了研究。MABR 过程能够去除制药废水中超过90%的COD 和98%的氨氮，单位体积负荷率分别达到1.348 kgCOD/m 3+d 和48.2 gNH -N/m 34d ，氧气利用率达到43.74%。MABR 系统出水指标能够满足天津市污水排放标准。LC/ESI/MS 结果表明，MABR 对制药废水中多种高分子、难降解污染物均有良好的去除效果。
关键词：无泡曝气膜生物反应器；促进传递；水流流速；短程反硝化；强化生物除磷脱氮；制药废水
ABSTRACT
The membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a promising technology for wastewater treatment using gas permeable membrane as a carrier of biofilm and a supplier of oxygen to achieve the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and other contaminants. The three characteristics of MABR system is: no bubble aeration, oxygen-vary heterogeneous mass transfer,
microbial hierarchical structure, which is also advantages of MABR. It is apparent that the MABR has veral advantages over conventional biofilm technology.
The FT-MABR was designed to overcome feed flow short circuiting and achieve facilitated mass transfer. In the FT-MABR, the flow velocity was uniform and the flow direction was almost perpendicular with the hollow fiber membranes. The effects of feed flow velocity, loading rate and COD/TN ratio on TN and COD removal were investigated through a long-term study, a loading rate study and veral batch studies. Nitrogen removal mechanism was mainly discusd. With the increa of flow velocity, resistance impact load capability and oxygen utilization efficiency of the FT-MABR were enhanced. Meanwhile, ammonium was removed preferentially compared with COD. Batch studies indicated that, the increa of feed flow velocity significantly strengthened the accumulation of nitrite and TN removal in the FT-MABR. at the feed flow velocity of 0.05 m/s, when COD/N ratios were 3, 5 and 7, the TN removal efficiency reached to 50.7%, 72.8% and 83.5%, respectively. The FT-MABR is a feasible technology for the treatment of wastewater with low COD/TN ratio.
In this paper, a novel enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology -SMABR was developed with the combining the MABR technology with intermittent aeration operation and artificial
enhanced biofilm shedding. The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus removal on operating parameters were studied and explored. SMABR is able to create aerobic nitrification, anaerobic denitrification/ relea of phosphorus and aerobic absorption of phosphorus in the same reactor. The removal efficiency of COD, TN and phosphorus in SMABR could reach to 90%, 95% and 65%. This experiment realized the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in single MABR implementation for the first time.
A pilot-scale integrated membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) system, consisted of hydrolysis/acidification pretreatment, MABR process and activated carbon adsorption post-processing, was designed to treat the high-loading mixed pharmaceutical wastewater. A study of MABR process was conducted to investigate the effect of aeration condition, circulation flow rate and water quality on performance over 260 days. The performances of the process were evaluated by the removal efficiency of COD, BOD+
, turbidity, NH
-N and TN. MABR process
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could effectively remove above 90% of COD and 98% of ammonia. The capacities
d, and per unit volume of MABR reached to 1348 gCOD/m3+
d, 48.2 gNH-N/m3
哆啦a梦图4
oxygen utilization rate was up to 43.74%. After post-processing, the effluent of integrated treatment MABR system kept stable with COD below 200 mg/L and NH+4-N below 3 mg/L. The effluent quality of integrated MABR system could meet the wastewater discharge standard. The results of LC/ESI/MS indicated that the integrated MABR system could effectively remove the complex and persistent organic compounds.
KEY WORDS：Membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR);Facilitated transfer; Feed flow velocity; Shortcut nitrogen removal;Enhanced biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal; Pharmaceutical wastewater
目 录
第一章绪论 (1)
1.1 水污染治理现状 (1)
1.1.1 我国水污染现状 (1)
1.1.2 传统的生物处理方法 (2)
宝宝几个月会走路1.1.3 生物处理技术的发展趋势 (2)
1.2 膜曝气生物膜反应器（MABR）污水处理技术 (3)
1.2.1 MABR的基本原理 (3)
1.2.2 MABR的技术优点 (4)
1.2.3 MABR的发展历程 (7)
1.2.4 MABR研究与应用现状 (8)
1.3 污水生物脱氮理论 (12)
1.3.1 传统脱氮过程 (12)
1.3.2 同时硝化反硝化 (13)
1.3.3 短程硝化反硝化 (13)
1.3.4 厌氧氨氧化 (14)公正透明
怀孕两周的症状和表现1.3.5 MABR脱氮技术研究进展 (15)
1.4 污水生物除磷技术 (15)
1.4.1 传统生物除磷理论 (15)
1.4.2 新型除磷理论 (17)
1.4.3 生物膜除磷理论 (17)
1.5 制药废水的处理技术 (18)
1.5.1 制药废水来源 (18)
1.5.2 制药废水的特点 (18)
1.5.3 制药废水的处理现状 (19)
1.5.4 MABR处理制药废水的可行性 (21)
1.6 本论文的研究目的与意义 (21)
第二章促进传递MABR设计及其性能研究 (23)
2.1 前言 (23)
2.1.1 MABR中的物质传递 (23)
2.1.2 促进物质传递的难点 (24)
2.1.3 本章研究意义和主要内容 (24)
杨怀远2.2 FT-MABR装置设计与分析方法 (25)
2.2.1 膜的选择与膜组件制作 (25)
2.2.2 FT-MABR反应器设计 (26)
2.2.3 检测项目与分析方法 (29)
2.2.4 实验水质 (29)
2.3 微生物挂膜及培养过程研究 (30)
淘宝网试用中心2.3.1 挂膜方法 (30)
2.3.2 反应器启动 (31)
2.3.3 微生物表征 (32)
2.4 FT-MABR长期运行实验结果与讨论 (33)
2.4.1 FT-MABR长期运行参数 (33)
2.4.2 FT-MABR去除COD和氨氮长期实验结果 (34)
2.4.3 FT-MABR去除总氮长期实验结果 (36)
2.4.4 FT-MABR对SS和浊度的去除效果 (39)
2.4.5 FT-MABR中生物膜厚度与污泥产率分析 (40)
2.5 水流流速对FT-MABR性能影响的跟踪实验与讨论 (41)
2.5.1 水流流速对FT-MABR去除COD速率的影响 (42)个人品行
2.5.2 水流流速对FT-MABR去除氨氮速率的影响 (43)
2.5.3 水流流速对FT-MABR去除总氮速率的影响 (44)
2.5.4 水流流速对FT-MABR脱氮路径的影响 (46)
2.5.5 不同C/N下水流流速对FT-MABR脱氮性能的影响 (48)
2.6 本章小结 (49)
第三章间歇供氧MABR高效除磷脱氮的探索 (50)
3.1 前言 (50)
3.1.1 生物污水处理过程中的间歇操作 (50)
3.1.2 SMABR技术强化处理脱氮的可行性 (51)
3.1.3 课题研究的意义 (51)
3.1.4 本章主要思路与内容 (52)
3.2 实验装置与分析方法 (52)
3.2.1 SMABR设计与自动控制系统 (52)
3.2.2 SMABR操作流程 (53)
3.2.3 SMABR生物膜驯化与启动 (54)
3.2.4 实验进水水质与分析方法 (54)
3.3 SMABR与CMABR处理效能的对比研究 (54)
