英语一般疑问句和特殊疑问句知识精讲
疑问句可再分为一般疑问General question和特殊疑问Special question两种.
1.一般疑问:用be或助动词或情态动词置于句首,并以“Yes,…”,或“No,…”或相当于yes / no回答的问句称为一般疑问句.
2.含系动词be的一般疑问句的构成
具体地说,am 只能跟在第一人称的单数 I 后面,are 搭配 you, 不管是单数还是复数,is 跟在第三人称单数 he, she 后面,be 动词的基本意思:是
笑容可掬
如:
I'm in Class 2, Grade 1.→Are you in Class 2, Grade 1 你是在一年级二班吗
如遇第一人称,最好将其置换成第二人称
It's a map ofChina.→Is it a map of China 这是一幅中国地图吗
be或have有置于句首来表达疑问,例:
Am I wrong again 我又错了
Yes, you are wrong again. 是的,你又错了.
No, you aren’t. 不,你没错.
Is it your bicycle 这辆自行车是你的吗
Yes, it is.是的,是我的.
No, it isn’t.
不,那不是我的.
Were there many people at her birthday party
她的生日宴会来了很多人吗
Yes, there were. 是的,来了很多人.
No, there weren’t. 没有,没有很多人.
Have you money with you你身上带钱了吗
=Do you have money with you—
美语
Yes, I have.Yes, I do.—美语有,我带钱了.
No, I have no money with me. No, I don’t.—美语没有,我没带钱.
3.含情态动词的一般疑问句的构成
一般疑问句面前人人平等:情态动词与am / is / are一样,也可直接将它们提至主语前,所以问题迎刃而解了.如:
I can spell it.
→Can you spell it 你会拼写它吗
Shall I call a taxi for you 需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗
Yes, plea. Thank you. 好的,谢谢你.
No, thank you.不必了,谢谢你.
Will you do that for her你愿意替她做那件事吗
Yes, I will.是的,我愿意.
No, I won’t.不,我不愿意.
手机屏幕色彩
Can she drive她会开车吗
Yes, she can.是的,她会.
No, she can’t.不,她不会.
4.含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成
含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成稍微有点讲究,要在句首加do;如逢主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词为一般现在时单数第三人称形式
"v-es"时,用does,并要将谓语动词变回原形如has→have,likes→like等;有
时陈述句中的some还要变作any等.如:
She lives in Beijing. →Does she live in Beijing 她住在北京吗电视连接网络机顶盒
I like English. →Do you like English 你喜欢英语吗
There are some books on my desk.→Are there any books on your desk
Do you speak Japane 你会说日语吗
Yes, I do.是的,我会说.
No, I don’t.不,我不会说.
Does she swim very well她游泳游得好吗
Yes, she does. She is a good swimmer.
是的,她游得好.她是游泳高手.
No, she doesn’t. She doesn’t swim at all.
不,她不会.她根本不会游泳.
Did you tell her the truth你向她说了实话吗
Yes, I did.是的,我说了.
No, I didn’t.不,我没说.
Don’t you like to have a cup of coffee
你不喜欢喝一杯咖啡吗
Yes, I do.要,我要一杯.
大学生征兵时间
No, I don’t. Thank you.
不,我不要.谢谢你.
火灾逃生技巧依循否定疑问要表达否定答案时,中文的习惯是“是的,……不……或没有……”,但是英语应为“No, …not.”,不可如中文说成“Yes,…not.”.
5.少数口语化的一般疑问句
生活的句子
真知灼见的意思是什么如问一个与前文相同的问句时,可省略成"And you"或"What / "等;甚至只抓关键词,读作升调.如:Your pen 你的钢笔
6.小插曲:一般疑问句的语调
大部分的一般疑问句都应读作升调↗,并落在最后一个单词身上.如:
Is it a Chine car ↗
Do you have questions ↗
Have you ever been to China before ↗
Don’t you think it is a good idea ↗
7.
一般疑问句的应答
用yes / no或相当于yes / no的词回答,并怎么问怎么答句首为情态动词/am / is / are还是do /does,简略回答时要注意缩写否定的n't和采用相应的人称代词以避免重复:即"Yes,主语代词+情态动词或am /
is / are或do / does."表示肯定;"No,主语代词+情态动词或am / is / are或者do / does notn't."表示否定.回答要完整,如:
① -Is Mary a Japane girl 玛丽是日本女孩吗
-Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. 是的,她是./不,她不是.
② -Can Lily speak Chine 莉莉会说中国话吗
-No, she can't. / Sorry, I don't know. 不,她不会./对不起,我不知道.
③ -Do you like English 你喜欢英语吗
-Yes, very much. 是的,非常喜欢.
II.
特殊疑问句
1.定义
以特殊疑问词开头,对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问 / 进行发问,回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答,不用yes或no,的句子叫特殊疑问句.
2.特殊疑问词全搜索
一句话: wh-开头外加能与之结伴同行的名词; how及它的形容词兄弟姐妹们,即如: what, where, which, what class, what time, what number; who, whom, who,how,how many, how old, how much等.
无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同.what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:
Which girls do you like best 你喜欢哪几个姑娘
What girls do you like best 你喜欢什么样的姑娘
Which do you prefer, coffee or tea 咖啡和茶,你喜欢喝哪种
What do you usually drink before dinner 你饭前通常喝什么
Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:
Whom did you meet on the street你在街上遇到了谁作动词宾语
Whom are you taking the book to你要把这书带给谁作介词宾语,置句首
To whom did you speak on the campus你在校园里和谁讲话了作介词宾语,置介词后,不能用who取代
3.特殊疑问句的构成特殊疑问句由"特殊疑问词+一般疑问句"构成:
How old are you你多大了
What's this in English这个用英语怎么讲
但特殊疑问句有时也要"特殊解":即如果问的是主语或主语的定语时,这时的特殊疑问句看起来成了"特殊疑问词+主语+陈述句".如:
Who's not here today 今天谁没来·
南水北调移民
Which pen is red 哪枝钢笔是红色的
4.特殊疑问句的语调小插件
一般说来,特殊疑问句都要读成降调↘,并往往让最后一个单词承担此重任.如:
What row are you in↘
你在第几排
Where is"E" ↘
"E"在哪里
5.对特殊疑问句的答复小扫描
疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,疑问代词一般都放在句首,并在句中作为某一句子成分.如:
What is thiswhat作表语这是什么
what color is it 什么颜色
Which is bigger, the left one or the right one which作主语哪一个大一点,左边的一个还是右边的一个
What are you talking aboutwhat作宾语你在说什么
Who will go with youwho作主语谁和你一起去
Whom are you talking towhom作宾语你在跟谁说话
Who dictionary is this who作定语这是谁的字典
What's the capital of your country 贵国首都是哪儿
What's your motherland 你祖国是哪儿
回答特殊疑问句,不能用"yes / no";但可用"到什么山上唱什么歌"来形容对特殊疑问句的应答- -即问什么答什么尤其是简略回答更明显.如:-How old is your sister你妹妹今年多大了
-She's only five. / Only five.她才5岁.
对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问,疑问词用what
询问天气.“How +be +
”与“What +be +the
”意思相同.例如:
How is the weather today = What's the weather like today今天天气如何
对数量提出疑问,疑问词为How many,要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式.
eg. two hundred sheep→How many sheep
对价格提出疑问,疑问词用How much.
How much is the computer = How much does the computer cost = What's the price of the computer这台电脑的价格是多少
对时间长度提出疑问,疑问词应用How long.
eg. I've worked in that factory for two years.
划线提问
______ _____ _______ you worked in that factory
重量、长度、高度、宽度、深度、速度、面积等.“How + 形容词 +...
”与“What's the + 名词 + of ...
”意思相同.例如:
How heavy is that basket of apples = What's the weight of that basket of apples那筐苹果有多重
注意:与what 句式转换时,how 后的形容词heavy, wide, high, tall, deep, long, fast, large等,须分别转换成对应的名词:weight, width, height, depth, length, speed, size等.其中How tall are you与What's your height
对时间频率,如 once a year, twice a week等提问,疑问词用How often. How often do u visit your grandma
对具体次数,如 once, twice, three times等提问,疑问词用How many times.
eg. did he call you the day before yesterday Twice.
A.What time
B.How many times
C.How much
D.How long
对in+一段时间提问,疑问词一般用How soon.
eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours.
划线提问
_____ _____ _____ Jane and her brother finish the work
对距离提出疑问,疑问词用How far.
eg. It'sabout two kilometresfrom here to the country.划线提问
______ _____ _____ _____ from here to the country
另外,对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问,则分别用
What's the date
What day is it 如果是过去时间,就用was代替is.
What's the weather like
对人口的提问,What's the population of Germany德国的人口有多少population
表示“人口”是一集体名词,have population of 表示“有多少人口”.例如: