英语语法讲解之陈述句

更新时间:2023-07-18 11:54:12 阅读: 评论:0

嫁接玫瑰
英语陈述句
定义:
陈述句主要是用来传递信息,提供情况(包括肯定和否定的情况)。
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否 定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。陈述句在书写时句末有句号,而在朗读时则用降调。
如: I’m a student.     I like dogs.
I’m not a teacher.   I don’t like cats.
知识梳理:
在英语中,陈述句也由主语、谓语、宾语三个部分组成。
萨乌丁主语一般包括人称代词:I ,you, he ,she .物主代词:this, that, 等。
谓语一般就是动词:be 动词:is, are, am 和助动词:do, do.和行为动词:like, eat
例如:
Mr. Walker is an Englishman. (华克先生是英国人。——肯定句)
He is not an American. (他不是美国人。——否定句)
简单地说,表达事物的“Yes”这一面的句子就是肯定句,“No”的一面的就叫做否定句。 传统的英语入门都是先学肯定句,然后再学肯定句的反面,亦就是否定句。
否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的两种。
1)使用副词否定词“not”,例如:
abehave 为主要动词,例:
I am not a good swimmer. (我不是一个游泳的好手。)
I have not much money. (我没有很多钱。)
He has not many friend here. (在这里他没有很多朋友。)
解说:“be/have +not”常缩短成一词,尤其是日常谈话更是如此。例如:
You aren't a friend of his, are you ? (你不是他的朋友吧,是不是?)
He isn't my brother. (他不是我的兄弟。)
下面例句是“have nothas not”的缩短形。例:
I haven't a headache. (我没有头痛。)
bbehave 为助动词
You aren't going to go to her birthday party, are you?
(你不打算参加她的生日宴会,是不是?)
It isn't raining outside. (外面没有在下雨。)
动词带有助动词“willshallcanmaymust蕤仁的功效与作用,needdareought toud tohad better”等时,将“not”置于助动词与主要动词之间。例如:
I will not do it again.
I won't do it again. (我不愿意再做这种事。)
The old man cannot find his way home. (那个老人找不到回家的路。)
I couldn't sleep last night. (昨夜我无法入睡。)
You ought not to swim in the river. (你不应该在河里游泳。)
You had better not tell her everything. (你最好不要样样事情都告诉她。)
注:“can”的否定形式是“cannot can't”,不可写成“can not cann't”
d)使用助动词“do”的否定句
一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”,句式如下:dodoes, did+not + V(原形动
词),例:
I don't know her very well. (我并不很了解她。)
He doesn't like Chine tea very much. (他并不很喜欢中国茶。)
She didn't come to school this morning. (今天早上她没有来上学。)
Don't believe him. (不要相信他的话。)
注:“have”表达以外的意义时,其否定句通常使用助动词“do”,例如:
Usually I don't have =eatbreakfast on Sunday morning.
(通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。)
She doesn't have =drinkcoffee for breakfast. (她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。)
We didn't have =enjoya good time there yesterday.
(昨天我们在那里玩得不愉快。)
不过美式英语“have”我的非常官路的意义使用时也如一般动词使用助动词“do”,例如: 油画图片大全
I don't have brothers. (我没有兄弟。)
We didn't have time enough to finish the work.
(我们当时没有足够的时间完成那件工作。)
2下奶中药)使用“not”九下文言文以外的否定词:
a)副词:美女大全neverldomhardlylittleneither 等,例:
She never comes to school late. (他上学从不迟到。)
She ldom comes to e me. (她不常来看我。)
b)形容词:nofewlittle 等,例:
I have no brothers.=I don't have brothers.) (我没有兄弟。)
He has few friends in Hong Kong. (他在香港几乎没有朋友。)
c)代词:nothingnobodynone 等,例:
I know nothing about computer. (对于电脑我一窍不通。)
I found nobody about computer. (在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。)
注:
1.有些文法书认为“Not +V”为句子否定法,是否定句,而“no +n.或如 nothing 为单词否定法,不宜称为否定句。例如:
He doesn't have brother.(否定句)
He has no brothers.(单词否定,但应视为肯定句,因为谓语动词是肯定。)
请注意下面两句的意义上的区别:
He doesn't have a breakfast.
He has not a breakfast. (他不吃早餐。——否定句)
He has no breakfast. (他没有早餐可吃。——单词否定,肯定句)
2.否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达,例如:
He is honest. (他是诚实的。)
He is dishonest.=He in not honest.) (他不诚实。)
They have children. (他们有小孩。)
They are childless.=The don't have children.) (他们没有小孩。)

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