强调句型重点用法例析
巩 勃
英语中“It is/was +被强调部分+who/that+其它”是强调句型的基本构成。这种结构在中学英语课本中频频出现，引起高考命题者的格外关注。
强调句的基本句型是：“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who从句。”可强调的句子成分通常为主语,状语,宾语等,不能用来强调谓语动词, 表语(主语补语), 定语，让步状语, 条件状语等。被强调部分可以是单词，短语，也可以是从句。
一、具体用法:
强调句的基本构成：It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who（主要指人时）/that + 其余部分
[注意1]
这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式，原因等），但是不能强调谓语动词。
原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It is…that/who….；
原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It was…that/who….；
强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when, where或how, 必须用that。
[例句1]
I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调主语）
→It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.（强调地点状语）
→It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.（强调时间状语）
→It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调宾语）
[例句2]
He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.
→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.
He didn’t do his homework until his father came back from work.
→It wasn’t until his father came back from work that he did his homework.
嗟来之食
[例句3]
Only when you nearly lo someone do you fully realize how much you value him.
→It is only when you nearly lo someone that you fully realize how much you value him.
只有你快要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊重他。
[例句4]
I was late again becau the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour.
→It was becau the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again.
强调句中只能强调由becau引导的原因状语从句，becau不能换成since, as, for, now that等。
[注意2]强调句的疑问结构
一般疑问句 Is / Was it +被强调部分 +who / that …?
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is /was +it +who / that…?
What is/was it that…?
Who is/was it that…?
When is/was it that…?
Where is/was it that…?
Why is/was it that…?
How is/was it that…?
[例句1]
I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→When was it that you saw him in the street?
→Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon?
→Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon?
[例句2]
I don’t know when he will come back.
→I don’t know when it is that he will come back.（宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语序）
–How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎么和Smith先生联系上的？
–Trough a friend of mine. 通过一个朋友。
二、强调句型使用的场合
1. 强调句型用于强调陈述句。
形式：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who…
例：（长袖的英文1）It was there, the police believe,___ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag .
A. until B. which C. that D. when
解析：选C 被强调部分为地点状语there，the police believe为插入语
（2）It was after he got what he had desired___ he realized it was not so important.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
解析：选A 被强调的是时间状语after he got what he had desired
2. 强调句型用于强调一般疑问句。
形式：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who…?
例： Was it form the lake___ he often went fishing___ he saved the drowning girl?
A. that; that B. where; where C. where;that D. that; where
解析：选惊羡的意思C 解答此题关键是能够对句型进行正确的分析和判断。本题题干为一个强调句式，it was +被强调部分+that/who，lake后面是个定语从句，由关系副词where引导，第二空才是强调句中的that。
注意：如果该句型用于宾语从句中，应使用陈述语序。
3. 强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句。
形式：疑问词（Wh-）怎样养仓鼠+ is/was it that+其他部分
I really don’t know ___ I had my money stolen.
A. when was it that B. that it was when C. where it was that D. it was where that
解析：选C 强调句作know的宾语，语序应为陈述句语序，被强调部分为where，但是强调句为宾语从句时，这类wh-连接代词或副词常置于it之前，作宾语从句的连接词。
注意：如果该句型用于宾语从句中，应使用陈述语序。
4. 强调句型用于强调not…until…句型
形式：It is/was not until +被强调部分+that+其他成分
例:（1） It was not until she got home ___Jennifer realid she had lost her keys.
A. when B.that C.where D.before 、
解析：选B 考查强调句中对not until的强调；是否能辨析出引导词that.
（2）.___the catastrophe happened that the local government realized the importance of substantial development.
A. It was until B. Not until C. Until D.It was not until
解析：选D。 考查强调句中not until养花营养液的用法.考查了 It was not until the catastrophe happened that .
5. 变式强调句型
变式1 It must /may/might/ be+被强调部分+that …
变式2 It must/may/might have been+被强调部分+that…
变式3 It can’t/couldn’t be + 被强调部分+that…
变式4 Could/can it be +被强调部分+that…
如：It might be his father that you’ve been thinking of.
道德经第十一章It must have been his brother that you saw.
It can’t be your book that he is reading.
Could it be Tom that is making the noi?
6. 几种特殊的强调句型的理解与使用
1）It’s…, not…小故事网 who … 是… …而不是 … …,例如：
It is you, not he, who/that are to meet him at the airport.
2）It is/was not… but… that… 不是… … 而是… …, that函数求导后的动词应与but后的名词或代词保持人称和数的一致，例如：
It is not who is right but what is right____ is of importance.
