设计思维的价值升级：成就更好⾃我
2022-04-01
看到2篇 ⽂章，讲到设计思维成就更好的⾃我。
这正是我想给学⽣讲的内容之⼀。也就是说：设计思维不仅是⽤于产品创新、服务创新，还可以培养对⾃⼰的同理⼼，实现更好的⾃我。
设计思维强调做(⾏动)⽽⾮仅是思考。
Design thinking emphasizes doing over thinking.
设计思维有助于厘清真实问题所在。
Design thinking can help you clarify what the real problem is
设计思维帮助 Paddy 的主要⽅式是让做事成为必要，⽽不是思考做事（这就是为什么第四步是关于原型设计的）。
Design thinking helped Paddy mostly by making doing an imperative, instead of thinking about doing (t
hat's why step four is about prototyping).
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⼀种称为“设计思维”的策略已帮助众多企业家和⼯程师开发成功的新产品和业务。但是设计思维能帮助你养成健康的习惯吗？
斯坦福⼤学著名⼯程学教授伯纳德·罗斯 (Bernard Roth) 表⽰，设计思维可以帮助每个⼈养成解决问题、实现⽬标和帮助改善⽣活的终⽣习惯。
“我们都有重新发明的能⼒，”罗斯博⼠说，他是斯坦福⼤学哈索普拉特纳设计学院的创始⼈，也是《成就习惯》⼀书的作者。
在过去的⼏个⽉⾥，我将设计思维应⽤到了我⾃⼰的⽣活中，⽽且似乎奏效了。我减掉了 25 磅，与亲密的朋友重新建⽴了联系，并将精⼒重新集中在特定的⽬标和习惯上。
设计思维帮助我发现了阻碍我实现⽬标的障碍，它帮助我重新定义了我的问题，使它们更容易解决。⽤罗斯博⼠的话来说，设计思维帮助我“摆脱困境”。
开始时，设计思想家专注于五个步骤，但前两个是最重要的。第⼀步是“同情”——了解需要解决的真
正问题。接下来，“定义问题”——⼀项异常艰巨的任务。第三步是“构思”——集思⼴益、列出清单、写下想法并提出可能的解决⽅案。第 4 步是构建原型或制定计划。最后⼀步是测试这个想法并寻求其他⼈的反馈。
设计思维通常适⽤于试图创造新产品或解决社会问题或满⾜消费者需求的⼈。
时间谚语例如，斯坦福⼤学的学⽣去缅甸从事灌溉项⽬。设计思维的前两个步骤——理解和定义问题——意味着学⽣们花时间与农民⼀起了解他们在给作物浇⽔⽅⾯遇到的问题。在这样做的过程中，他们发现农民真正的问题不是灌溉，⽽是光照。农民们⽤蜡烛或煤油灯，烟雾充满了他们的⼩屋。在没有电⼒的情况下管理他们对光的需求消耗了⼤量的时间和收⼊。
结果，具有设计思维的学⽣利⽤同理⼼将注意⼒转移到需要解决的实际问题上。他们开发了经济实惠的太阳能 LED ⼯作灯。此后，他们为 42 个国家/地区提供了数百万盏灯，为世界上没有电或服务参差不齐的部分地区提供了负担得起的照明解决⽅案。
Roth 博⼠说，为贫困农民解决照明问题的同样类型的思维也可以向内应⽤。⾸先，想想你想解决的问题。然后问⾃⼰：“如果我解决了这个问题，对我有什么好处？”
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罗斯博⼠使⽤的⼀个例⼦是⼀个想要寻找⽣活伴侣的⼈。问问⾃⼰，“找到伴侣或配偶对我有什么好处？
”⼀个答案可能是它会给你带来陪伴。下⼀步是重新定义问题：“我怎样才能找到陪伴？”这个新问题有更多更简单的答案——你可以在⽹上认识朋友、上课、加⼊俱乐部、参加团体旅⾏、加⼊跑步团体、养宠物和在狗公园消磨时光。
“现在寻找配偶只是寻找伴侣的众多可能⽅式之⼀，”罗斯博⼠说。 “通过改变问题，我改变了我的观点，并⼤⼤增加了可能的解决⽅案的数量。”
多年来，我会告诉你我最⼤的问题是超重，但我根本找不到有效的饮⾷。但设计思维帮助我重新定义了我的问题。
这发⽣在⼏个⽉前，当时我拒绝了与许多我多年未见的最喜欢的⼈⼀起参加聚会的邀请。我没有去，因为我对⾃⼰的体重感到尴尬，⽽且我只是不想在我瘦的时候见到认识我的⼈。我意识到我的体重问题正在妨碍我的⽣活。珍珠鸟教学设计
是时候进⾏设计思考了。在这⼀点上，设计思想家会问“减肥对你真的有什么好处？”
答案让我吃惊。我想对⾃⼰感觉更好、感觉不那么累、有更多的精⼒和信⼼与朋友交往和重新联系。进⾏我⾃⼰的个⼈同理⼼练习帮助我意识到减肥真的不是我的问题。相反，我需要专注于我的友谊，提⾼我的精⼒和获得更好的睡眠。
因此，与朋友重新联系并获得更好的睡眠成为我的重点。我买了新⾐服，这样更容易制定社交计划。
浙江海边令⼈惊讶的是，这种新的、更善解⼈意的⽅法来满⾜我⾃⼰的需求也阐明了⼀些改善我饮⾷的⽅法。我意识到午餐时间的碳⽔化合物崩溃让我⽩天⾮常疲倦，所以我消除了糖和加⼯过的碳⽔化合物，并⽴即获得了更多的能量。在将我的注意⼒从减肥转移到影响我⽣活的真正问题上时，我最终减掉了 25 磅。
我还有很长的路要⾛，但培养对⾃⼰的同理⼼确实是设计思维使突破成为可能(developing empathy for mylf was truly a breakthrough made possible by design thinking.)。
“最⾼层次的设计思维是⼀种重新定义你看待世界和处理问题的⽅式的⽅式，主要的是这种同理⼼的想法，”罗斯博⼠说。“如果你尝试过某事但没有奏效，那么你正在解决错误的问题。”
A strategy called “design thinking” has helped numerous entrepreneurs and engineers develop successful new products
and business. But can design thinking help you create healthful habits?
Bernard Roth, a prominent Stanford engineering professor, says that design thinking can help everyone form the kind of lifelong habits that solve problems, achieve goals and help make our lives
better.
“We are all capable of reinvention,” says Dr. Roth, a founder of the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford and
author of the book, “The Achievement Habit.”
I’ve applied design thinking to my own life the past few months, and it ems to be working. I’ve lost 25 pounds, reconnected with clo friends and refocud my energy on specific goals and habits.
Design thinking has helped me identify the obstacles that were stopping me from achieving my goals, and it’s helped me reframe my problems to make them easier to solve.
In the words of Dr. Roth, design thinking helped me “get unstuck.”
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To get started, design thinkers focus on five steps, but the first two are the most important. Step 1 is to “empathize” —learn what the real issues are that need to be solved. Next, “define the problem” — a surprisingly tough task. The third step is to “ideate” — brainstorm, make lists, write down ideas and generate possible solutions. Step 4 is to build a prototype or create a plan. The final step is to test the idea and ek feedback from others.
Design thinking is normally applied by people who are trying to create a new product or solve a social problem or meet a consumer need.
For instance, Stanford students went to Myanmar to work on an irrigation project. The first two steps of design thinking —empathize and define the problem — meant that the students spent time with the farmers to understand their problems with watering crops.
In doing so, they discovered that the farmers’ real problem was not irrigation but light. The farmers ud candles or
kerone lanterns, and the fumes filled their small huts. Managing their needs for light without electric power consumed a great deal of time and income.
As a result, the design-thinking students ud empathy to shift their focus to the actual problem that needed solving. They developed affordable, solar-powered LED task lights. They have since provided millions of lights to 42 countries, creating an affordable lighting solution in parts of the world that don’t have electricity, or have spotty rvice.
Dr. Roth says the same type of thinking that solved the lighting problem for the poor farmers can be
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applied inward. To start, think about the problem you want to solve. Then ask yourlf, “What would it do for me if I solved this problem?”
One example Dr. Roth us is a person who wants to find a life partner. Ask yourlf, “What would finding a partner or spou do for me?” One answer might be that it would bring you companionship. The next step is to reframe the problem:“How can I find companionship?” There are more and easier answers to the new question — you can meet friends online, take class, join a club, take a group trip, join a running group, get a pet and spend time at the dog park.
“Finding a spou now becomes simply one of many possible ways to find companionship,” Dr. Roth says. “By changing
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the question, I have altered my point of view and dramatically expanded the number of possible solutions.”
For years, I would have told you that my biggest problem was being overweight, but I simply could not find a diet that worked. But design thinking helped me reframe my problem.
It happened a few months ago when I declined an invitation to a party with many of my favorite peopl
e who I hadn’t en in years. I didn’t go becau I was embarrasd by my weight, and I just didn’t feel up to eing people who knew me when I
was thinner. I realized that my issues with my weight were getting in the way of me living my life.
额头上有皱纹It was time for design thinking. At this point, a design thinker would ask “What would losing weight really do for you?”
The answer surprid me. I wanted to feel better about mylf, feel less tired and have more energy and confidence to socialize and reconnect with friends. Conducting my own personal empathy exerci helped me realize that weight loss was really not my problem. Instead, I needed to focus on my friendships, on boosting my energy and getting better sleep.
So reconnecting with friends and getting better sleep became my focus. I bought new clothes, which made it easier to make social plans.
And surprisingly, this new, more empathetic approach to my own needs also illuminated some ways to improve my diet. I realized a carb crash around lunchtime was making me very tired during the day, so I eliminated sugar and procesd carbohydrates and immediately had more energy. In shiftin
g my focus away from weight loss to the real issues weighing on my life, I ended up losing 25 pounds.
I still have a long way to go, but developing empathy for mylf was truly a breakthrough made possible by design thinking.“Design thinking on the highest level is a way of reframing the way you look at the world and deal with issues, and the main thing is this idea of empathy,” Dr. Roth says. “If you have tried something and it hasn’t worked, then you’re working on the wrong problem.”
