泡泡天堂Flattening Test Instructions ⒈Scope This instruction is ud for amless tube, the centrifugal casting pipes and pipe welding of nominal flattening test experiment. ⒉Referenced Documents A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products SA-999/SA-999M Specification For General Requirements For Alloy And Stainless Steel Pipe （Identical with ASTM Specification A999/A999M-04a） 3.Terminology Flattening Test: Flattening deformation without cracks defects limit the plastic deformation of the test metal pipe under the given conditions. Through it can test tube product conform to the requirements of product standards or regulations, so the test method ud for tube product acceptance test. It is suitable for amless and metal pipe welding. 4.Flattening Test Requirements 4.1 Seamless and Centrifugally Cast Pipe-A ction of pipe not less than 60mm in length shall be flattened cold between parallel plates in two steps.During the first step,which is a test for ductility,no cracks or breaks on the inside,outside,or end surface,except as allowed by 4.3.4,shall occur before the distance between the plates is less than the value of H calculated as follows: H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D) (2) Where: H=distance between flattening plates,mm t=specified wall thickness,mm D=specified outside diameter,outside diameter corresponding to specified ANSI pipe size,or outside diameter calculated by adding 2t(as defined adove)to the specified inside diameter mm,and e=deformation per unit length(constant for a given grade of steel,0.07 for medium carbon steel(maximum specified carbon 0.19% or greater),0.08 for ferritic alloy steel,0.09 for austenitic steel,and 0.09 for low-carbon steel(maximum specified carbon 0.18% or less)) During the cond step,which is a test for soundness,the flattening shall de continued until the specimen breaks or the opposite walls of the specimen meet. 飞向人马座4.2Welded Pipe-A ction of welded pipe not less than 100mm in length shall be flattened cold between parallel plates in two steps.The weld shall be placed at 90°from the direction of the applied force(at the point of maximum bending).During the first step,which is a test for ductility,no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside surfaces,except as provided for in 4.3.4,shall occur before the distance between the plates is less than the value of H calculated by eq.2.During the cond step,which is a test for soundness, the flattening shall be continued until the specimen breaks or the opposite walls of the specimen meet. 4.3Seamless,Centrifugally Cast, and Welded Pipe: 4.3.1最有福气的10处吉痣Evidence of laminated or defective material or weld that is revealed at any time during the entire flattening test shall be cau for rejection. 4.3.2Surface imperfections not evident in the test specimen befoe flattening, but revealed during the first step of the flattening test,shall be judged in accordance with the finish requirements. 4.3.3Superficial ruptures resulting from surface imperfections shall not be a cau for rejection. 4.3.4When low D-to t ratio tubular products are tested,becau the strain impod due to geometry is unreasonably high on the inside surface at the six and twelve o′clock locations, cracks at the locations shall not be cau for rejection if the D-to-t ratio is less than 10. | 压扁试验作业指导书 1.范围 本指导书适用于无缝管、离心铸造管和焊接公称管的压扁实验。 2.参考标准 A370钢产品力学性能试验 方法及定义 SA-999/SA-999M合金钢和不锈钢公称管通用要求（与ASTM标准A999/A999M-04a完全等同） 3.术语 压扁试验：检验金属管在给定条件下压扁变形而不出现裂纹缺陷的极限塑性变形能力。通过它可以检验管产品是否符合产品标准或规范的要求，所以该试验方法用作管产品验收试验。它适用于无缝和焊接金属管。 4.压扁试验要求 4.1无缝和离心铸造公称管—用一段长度不小于60mm的钢管，置于两块平板之间，分两步进行冷态压扁。第一步是延性试验，除4.3.4条所述的公称管外，将试样一直压到板间距小于按下式计算的H值时，在试样的内、外表面或端部表面，不得有裂纹或破裂。H值计算如下： H=（1+e）t/(e+t/d) (2) 式中 H=两平压板之间的距离，mm t=规定壁厚，mm 体温计的用法 D=规定外径，相应于ANSI标准规定的公称管规格的外径，或由规定的内径加上2t（如上所述）计算得到的外径，mm e=单位长度变形（对一给定级别钢是一定值，对中碳钢（最大规定含碳量大于等于0.19%）为0.07，铁素体合金钢为0.08，奥氏体钢为0.09，低碳钢（最大规定含碳量小于等于0.18%）为0.09复合函数奇偶性） 第二步是完整性试验。压扁继续进行，直到试样破裂或钢管相对两壁接触为止。智能巡检系统 4.2焊接公称管—取长度不小于100mm的钢管，置于两块平板之间，分两步进行冷态压扁。焊缝置于与加力方向成90°的位置（最大弯曲点处）。第一步是延性试验，除4.3.4所述的公称管外，将试样一直压到板间距小于按公式（2三年级音乐上册歌曲）计算的商品购销合同H值时，在试样的内、外表面，不得有裂纹或破裂。在第二步完整性实验过程中，压扁继续进行，直到试样破裂或管相对两壁接触为止。 4.3无缝管、离心铸造管和焊接管： 4.3.1在整个压扁试验期间，出现分层或不完整材料或未焊透焊缝予以拒收。 4.3.2试样在压扁前有表面缺陷，但在试验的第一步中被发现，则须根据成品管的要求判断。 4.3.3由试样表面缺陷引起肤裂，不得作为拒收的理由。 4.3.4当对D/t较小的管状产品进行试验时，由于几何t较小的管状产品进行试验时，由于几何原因使6和12点钟两处的钢管内表面应变不合理地高，因此，当D/t小于10时，不能因该处的破裂而予拒收。 |
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