预测试题 |
Structure of the Canadian Government I. Introduction A. Canadian government system is thought to imitate British system. —Canada’s government system is often called (1) democracy. —Canada has much in common with other colonies. B. Differences coexist with similarities between Canadian and British systems. —becau Canada is a huge but (2) country II. Official head —The Queen is the official head who is reprented by a (3) . —Both are only (4) leaders刺泥鳅 III. System of Government —Canada is a federation with each province and territory having much power. — (5) being the government for the whole nation —a combination of federalism with British system —British system was preferred to American system mainly becau the latter was considered (6) . IV. Parliament A. Two parts: —a lower hou: the Hou of Commons —an upper hou: Senate B. MPs reprent particular electoral districts C. Electoral districts are determined by its population instead of (7) . —disadvantage: a(n) (8) exists between denly-populated provinces and sparly-ttled regions. D. The Prime Minister — the most important person in Canadian government. —theleader of the (9) in the parliament —choosing the Cabinet, who members are responsible for different areas E. The Senate is appointed by the Governor General. —sharing more similarity with the (10) in the UK —Senators more equally being chon from each region | (1)_______ (2)______ (3) ______ (4) ______ (5) ______ (6)______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______ |
答疑解惑 |
【听力原文】 Good afternoon, everyone. Today we’ll be continuing our discussion of the Canadian government, with the focus on its structure. [1]As a former British colony, Canada’s system of government was bad on the British system of parliamentary democracy. This is often referred to as “Westminster-style” democracy, named after the British Hou of Commons. Like other colonies like New Zealand and Australia, many Canadian laws, political practices and customs were brought from the “Old Country” and adapted to the different conditions of the new country. At first glance, the similarity between British and Canadian political conditions are great; [2]but when we look more cloly, we can e important differences which have arin from the experience of governing a huge but sparly populated country. We’ll divide our discussion into three parts: the official head, the Canadian system of government and the Canadian parliament. Now, first, the official head of Canada. Like Britain, Canada is a monarchy. The official head of state is the Queen, who is also the Queen of Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand and other former British colonies. The Queen is Canada’s queen in her own right, if, for example, Britain decided to become a republic, the Queen would still be the Queen of Canada. [3]Becau she does not live in Canada, she is reprented by an official called a Governor General. When heads of state visit Canada, they will first be greeted by the Governor General, before being welcomed by the Prime Minister. [4]Both the Queen and the Governor General occupy roles which are largely ceremonial. Most Canadians would be unable to tell you the name of the current Governor General, or identify him or her in a picture. And while the Queen and her family are regarded with affection by most Canadians, the monarchy as such bears little relevance to the governing of modern Canada. We e that Canada and Britain have the same official head of state. Then, what is special about the Canadian government as compared against the British government? This brings us to the cond part of our discussion, the system of government. The biggest difference between Canada and the UK is that Canada is a federation--that is, it has ten provinces and two territories, each with their own government，which have joined to form one country. [5]The government of the whole country is referred to as the “federal government”, to distinguish it from the lower level governments of each province. The provinces all have a great deal of power in relation to the federal government. Canada was the first political community to combine federalism with a British system of government, a model which was later applied to other areas in the British Commonwealth，notably in Australia, Malaysia, Nigeria and India--large countries with powerful regional and ethnic divisions. Canada’s founding fathers of Confederation, who, between 1864 and 1867, had to decide what sort of government the new country was to have, choo the British model of government over the model being enacted in the United States. The American system was characterized by “checks and balances” on political power. In contrast, the founding fathers preferred the British system becau they wanted a strong central government. [6]The British model offered “strength, order and authority”, which they thought was preferable to the weakness of the American system. In the American system, the President and the Congress frequently battle over policy. Finally, we’ll talk about the Canadian parliament. The Canadian parliament is divided into a lower hou, the Hou of Commons, and an upper hou called the Senate. Canadians vote in elections for people they want to reprent them in the Hou of Commons. The Members of Par1iament (MPs) each fill a “at” in the Hou of Commons, which reprents a particular electoral district. [7]Electoral districts are bad on population rather than geographic size, so there are more MPs from urban areas and very few from the sparly ttled, wilder regions of Canada. The Hou of Commons contains about three hundred ats. [8]Becau most of the Canadian population is concentrated in Ontario and Quebec, the two provinces have the most ats, and therefore the most power in the Hou of Commons. This has caud a lot of trouble becau the provinces with smaller populations feel they are not adequately listened to by “Central Canada”. For example，in the 1997 election, becau of its large population, Ontario elected one hundred and three MPs, whereas the prairie provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba each only had fourteen MPs. As is the ca in Britain, MPs generally all belong to political patties. [9]The party that wins the most ats forms the government; the party leader becomes Prime Minister, and so, like in the UK, the most important person in Canadian government is the Prime Minister. The Cabinet, chon by the Prime Minister, consists of nior MPs from the governing party. They are usually given particular areas of responsibility, like external affairs, multiculturalism, or health and education. 邮递员的拼音 The Senate, the upper hou, is not elected. It is appointed by the Governor General, who acts on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. [10]The Senate is not like the US Senate, but analogous to the Hou of Lords in the UK, although the Lords can earn their at by right of birth as well as by being appointed. To balance the fact that the Commons is dominated by MPs from populous Ontario and Quebec, nators are, by tradition, picked to reprent the regions more equally. Well, today we have covered the structure of the Canadian Government in terms of three aspects: the official head, the Canadian system of the government and the Canadian parliament. You are expected to read the recommended material after class. Next week’s lecture will be focud on Canadian Prime Ministers. | 【答案解析】 1. Westminster-style 【解析】本讲座主要介绍加拿大政府的结构，内容从官方首领(s路the official head)、加拿大政府体系( the Canadian system of government)和加拿大国会(the Canadian parliament)三部分展开。在讲座的开头，演讲者就提到，加拿大政府体系was bad on the British system of parliamentary democracy(基于英国议会制民主政府而建立)，often referred to as “Westminster-style” democracy (常被称作“威斯敏斯特式”的民主政府)。因此本题答案为Westminster-style，注意首字母大写。 斑羚飞渡主要内容2. sparly populated 【解析】讲座开头说加拿大政府体系仿效英国议会制民主政府建立，二者之间乍一看(at first glance)共性很多，接着but一词提示转折：细看(look more cloly)会发现很大差别，而差别have arin from the experience of governing a huge but sparly populated country，即源于加拿大地域广阔，人口稀少。本题所在处即针对差别产生的原因，答案为sparly populated。 3. Governor General 【解析】本题所在处针对对官方首领的介绍。讲座中提到，女王不住在加拿大，而是reprented by an official called a Governor General，即由总督(Governor General)代表。 4. ceremonial 【解析】在介绍官方首领时，演讲者还提到，Both the Queen and the Governor General occupy roles which are largely ceremonial，即女王和总督都只是行使礼仪方面的职能，因此两者都是礼仪性的领导，即ceremonial leaders。 5. federal government 【解析】本题所在处针对加拿大的政府体系。在这一部分，演讲者首先提到，加拿大政府与英国政府最大的不同就是前者是一个federation(联邦政府)，接着说加拿大政府is referred to as the “federal government”，用于与省级政府区别开来。因此本题答案也就为联邦政府，即federal government。 6. weak 【解析】在介绍加拿大政府体系的最后，演讲者提到了为什么加拿大政府会仿效英国政府体系，而非美国政府体系，原因就在于The British model offered “strength, order and authority”, which they thought was preferable to the weakness of the American system，即英国模式是一种“力量、秩序、权威”模式，而美国模式则较软弱。本题所在处即针对这一原因，答案为weak。注意填weakness的形容词形式。 7. geographic size 【解析】本题所在处针对加拿大的议会。在介绍完其two parts和MPs后，演讲者提到, Electoral districts are bad on population rather than geographic size，即选区是由人口而非面积决定的，因此答案为geographic size。注意题干中instead of是对讲座中rather than的同义替换。 8. imbalance/inequality 【解析】接上题，讲座在提及选区的决定因素后指出，这一政策使得人口密度较大的安大略省和魁北克省占据了众议院的多数席位，这就caud a lot of trouble becau the provinces with smaller populations feel they are not adequately listened to by “Central Canada”，即使得人口较少的省份觉得不够被重视。由此可以得知，这一政策导致了省际间的不平衡，答案为imbalance或inequality。 9. dominant party 【解析】本题所在处针对议会中的the Prime Minister(总理)。讲座中说，The party that wins the most ats forms the government; the party leader becomes Prime Minister，即占据议会席位最多的党派形成政府，其领导人成为总理。因此可以得知，总理就是议会中占统治地位的党派的领导人，答案为dominant party。 10. Hou of Lords 【解析】在讲座的最后，演讲者提到了议会中的参议院，即the Senate。讲座中说，加拿大的参议院is not like the US Senate, but analogous to the Hou of Lords in the UK，即更像英国的上议院the Hou of Lords。注意题干中的share more similarity with是对讲座中analogous to的同义转述。 |
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