虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)
英语的动词一般有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。
People get AIDS after having been infected with HIV.
祈使语气：用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。
Let me do it.
Plea keep quiet in the reading room.
虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设，愿望，怀疑，或推测。
下面将介绍虚拟语气的用法：
● if非真实条件句中的虚拟。
条件句有两类：真实条件句和非真实条件句。
六味地黄丸组方
若假设的情况可能发生，就是真实条件句，用陈述语气，一般从句用现时主句用将来时。
If you study hard, you will make your dream come true.
如假设的情况发生的可能性不大和根本不能发生，就是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其用法如下：
虚拟情况 | 从句 | 现代汉语的特点主句 |
与现在事实相反 | If+主语+动词过去式 | 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形 |
与将来事实相反 | If+主语+动词过去式 If+主语+should+动词原形 If+主语+were to+动词原形 | 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形 |
与过去事实相反 | If+主语+have+过去分词 | 主语+would/should/could/might+have+过去分词 |
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If I were you, I should do that. 与现在事实相反
If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, what would you do? 与将来事实相反
If you hadn’t helped me, I would not have achieved so much. 与过去事实相反
注：省略句倒装，在虚拟语气中，如果If条件句中包含were, should, had, could有时可以把If省略，但这时要把were, should, had, could放在主语前倒装。
Were I you（If I were you）, I should do that.
Should it rain tomorrow (If it should rain tomorrow), what would you do?
1. 含蓄条件句：从句 的位置不是if条件句,而是由介词without（没有） but for（要不是）连词but（但是）等引导相当于一个条件句，或副词otherwi（否则，要不然）本身暗含着条件。
Without electricity, human life would be quite different today. 对……….进行虚拟
If there were no electricity
But for your help, I would not have achieved so much. 对………..进行虚拟
If you hadn’t helped me
I would have called you, but I forgot your telephone number.
if I had known your phone number. 对………..进行虚拟
You ‘d better go now, otherwi you will miss the train. （可能发生没有虚拟）
We are really busy; otherwi we would go with you. 对……….进行虚拟
If we weren’t busy
2. 错综时间条件句: 主句和从句并不是对同一时间进行虚拟,其动词的形式要根据主从句各自的时间而定.
最大的猫If I had listened to you, I would not be in trouble now. 从句与过去相反；主句与现在相反
如果我那会听你的，现在就不会陷于麻烦之中了
● 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法：
1. wish后的宾语从句常使用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。表示现在不可能实现的愿望，谓语动词用过去式；表示过去不可能实现的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成时；表示将来没有把握或不可能实现的愿望，常用would/could/might+动词原形。
I wish that she were椅子瑜伽 here with me and that we streamweren’t sick.. 现在不能实现
(注：在虚拟语气中，无论主语是第几人称，be动词一般都用were .)
I wish I had met that film star yesterday. 过去不能实现
I wish I could be with you for the next three months. 将来不能实现
由于wish和hope的汉语意思差不多，在使用上往往出错。Wish一般表示不可能实现的愿望，后接从句时用虚拟语气；hope指可以实现的希望，后接从句时用陈述语气。
I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要接受我的建议就好了。
The students hope that their football team will win the game. 学生们希望他们的足球队获胜。
2. 跟在下列表示命令，建议或要求的动词后的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气。其形式为：（should）+动词原形，should可以省略。
常见动词总结如下：一坚持 insist；
两命令 order, command；
三建议suggest, advi, propo；
四要求 demand, ask, require, desire.
Lisa suggested that the class meeting (should) be put off.
He insisted that we (should) accept the report.
这种句型还可用形式主语it来引导，形成主语从句结构。
It is suggested that the class meeting (should) be put off.
It is required that everyone (should) attend the meeting.
由上述动词派生出来的名词后面若跟表语从句或同位语从句，从句中也用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形，should可以省略。
My advice is that you should practi English as often as possible. 表语从句 (advi-advice)
八荣八耻内容The suggestion that education should be reformed is reasonable. 同位语从句 (suggest-suggestion)8个三角形拼成的图案
● as if/though 引导的从句，可以使用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也常用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或相反的情况。
Sarah looks as if she is young. 陈述语气，可能符合事实，她就是很年轻。
Old Tom likes following the fashion. He looks as if he were young. 虚拟语气，不符合事
实，实际上他不年轻。
用于虚拟时，如果表示现在不真实，不大可能，从句时态用过去时；如果表示过去不真实，从句用过去完成时。
The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child.
I felt as though we had known each other for years.
● if only（ 如果...就好了；要是...就好了）其后引导的句子要虚拟（同wish的宾语从句相似）
与现在相反 过去式 If only Mr Zhang were here now.
与过去相反 过去完成 If only you had arrived in time,you would not have been punished.
与将来相反 would/could+动词原形 If only I could drive a car tomorrow.
● 在It is (high) time that…“(正)是该做某事的时间了”结构中，that从句的谓语动词用首页不要页眉过去式。It’s time that the children went to bed.
虚拟语气测验题
● 用适当动词填空（以下都是虚拟语气）
1. If I __________(be) you, I would not do such a thing.
2. Suppo our teacher couldn’t come, who__________(will) take his place?
3. If he __________(follow) the doctor’s advice, he would not have died.
4. If she __________(be) more careful, she wouldn’t have made the mistakes.
5. People would believe my story if I ___________(be) not so young.
6. What __________you____________ (do) if someone ___________(give) you a million pounds?
