1营销管理理念中四种概念有什么区别？那种概念适合于短期生产。那种概念适合于长期生产？为什么？
1. The four kinds of the marketing management orientation are: the production concept, the product concept, the lling concept, and the marketing concept. Their differences are listed in the followings: firstly, the production concept holds that consumers will favor products that are available and highly affordable. However, they ignored the consumer’s needs. Secondly, the product concept holds that consumers will favor products that offer the most in quality, performance, and innovative features, but they do not know what consumer really wants. Thirdly, many companies follow the lling concept, which holds that consumers will not buy enough of the firm’s products unless it undertakes a large-scale lling and promotion effort. However, their aim is to ll what they mark rather than what the market wants. Finally, the marketing concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions better than competitors do. And only the marketing concept really considered the customer’s needs.
2. The lling concept 付穹淘is suit for the short-term production and the marketing concept suit for the long-term production. Becau of the lling concept could create the short-term benefits, it emphasizes the company's current sales of products, and further to get a lot of profit from the marketing and promotion. On the other hand, the marketing concept began with a clear definition of the market, it committed on the needs of customers, it could coordinate the marketing activities of all customers. And finally it could build long-term, profitable customer relationships according to the customer’s value and satisfaction
黑枸杞茶
2 宏观环境包括六个方面，这六个方面是如何影响公司服务和营销的。也就是这六个方面如何影响消费者需求，企业营销能力。
The company’s macroenvironments include the following six factors: demographic forces、economic forces、natural forces、technological forces 尾巴像什么、political forces and cultural forces.
1. The change of the world demographic is very important for the business environment. For example, it can influence the change of population trends, age characteristics and fa
mily structure, the migration of the population, better education characteristics, and the increasing population diversity. They create varieties of different markets and opportunities, as well as the challenges and threats.
2. The economic environment is mainly affected the consumer's purchasing power and spending patterns. And today’s consumers pay more attention to the values and the changes of the spending patterns. So the company should change their marketing activities with the consumer’s consumption.
3. The change of the natural environment reflected in the shortage of certain raw materials, the rious pollution levels and the more and more rigorous government management for the natural resources. And the smart companies should focus on the marketing opportunities brought by the change of the natural environment.
4. 株洲创业>诺氟沙星胶囊的作用与功效>努力上进的诗句The technology environment is changing rapidly. The development of technology has created new markets and opportunities, and at the same time, the old technology will also be replaced by new technology. So the companies are required to keep up with the pace
of technological update.
5. On the political environment, becau of the increasing legislation, the changing government agency enforcement and the socially responsible behavior changing government agency enforcement. The company must keep up with the changes in this environment and understand its meaning, and obey the law, social norms and professional ethics.
招商合作6. The culture influenced the consumer’s basic values, perceptions, preferences and behaviors. Consumers often choo the goods that match with their own values. That requires the marketers to keep up with the cultural change. And to find the opportunity in the market.
3 服务包括哪四个特征，这四个特征是如何影响营销的。
Services have four key characteristics: intangibility, inparability, variability, and perishability.
1. Service intangibility means that rvices can not be en, tasted, felt, heard, or smelled before they are bought. So the rvice providers should take the work to make the rvice more tangible to nd the right signals about quality. The rvice organization should prent their customers with organized, honest evidence of its capabilities.
交谊舞三步2. Service inparability means that rvices cannot be parated from their providers. And the customer is also prent as the rvice is produced. Both the provider and the customer affect the rvice outcome. So the rvice providers need to improve the quality and efficiency of the rvice.
3. Service variability means that the quality of rvices depends on who provides them as well as when, where and how they are provided. So the rvices providers should make the rvice more standard.
