【⽤英语讲中国故事】屠呦呦与青蒿素
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智永退笔冢Chine Discovery Saves Millions of Lives
挽救百万⽣命的青蒿素
The dia malaria has dogged mankind throughout history, and it could not be controlled until the invention of the quinine type of drugs.
疟疾是与⼈类历史⼀样漫长的疾病，直到⼈们发明了奎宁类药物，疟疾才得到控制。
In the 1860s, as the drug called chloroquine, which had been effective against malarial parasites, began to lo its effectiveness, malaria began to appear again in Southeast Asia. Every country in the world then poured a huge amount of human resources into discovering another anti-malaria drug. But the efforts were in vain, and the problem became a world-wide one. In 1964, China began to plan to ek a breakthrough from among traditional Chine medicinal drugs.
20世纪 60年代，引发疟疾的疟原⾍产⽣了抗药性，原来的特效药 “氯喹 ”失效，疟疾再次肆虐东南亚。世界各国都投⼊⼤量⼈⼒物⼒研发新药，却⼀⽆所获，成为世界难题。我国从1964年开始试图从中草药中寻求突破，也没有重⼤发现。There was no great discovery until 1981, when Chine scientist Tu Youyou gave a speech titled, “Chemical Rearch into Artemisinin,” at an international conference of the World Health Organization (WHO). The speech caud a nsation among all the delegates, as they recognized that this was a lifeline for malaria sufferers.
1981年在世界卫⽣组织主办的国际会议上，中国科学家屠呦呦的《青蒿素的化学研究》的发⾔，使与会者⽆不兴奋，因为疟疾病⼈这下有救了。
You must be wondering if this Tu Youyou was some kind of saint.降压药副作用
你⼀定会好奇，这位屠呦呦是何⽅圣神？
Tu Youyou (屠呦呦 ) graduated from the Medical College of Peking University as a phar-macologist.
屠呦呦毕业于北京⼤学医学部，是⼀名药学家。
In 1969, just as the rearch, both in China and abroad, into treating malaria had reached a dead end, the 39-year-old Tu, in order to solve this dire problem, took on the job as head of a rearch tea
擦粉m into this problem.
1969年，在中外对治疗疟疾的研究都陷⼊困境时，39岁的屠呦呦临危受命，担任该项⽬的科研组长。
The first thing Tu did was interview veteran doctors of Chine medicine and collect from them their experience and methods of treating malaria. She then arranged all the old records of the herbs ud in traditional Chine medicine, focusing on tho ud for the treatment of malaria. She and her colleagues performed various kinds of experiments on hundreds of kinds of Chine medicinal herbs, including artemisinin. However, the results were disappointing; even tho involving artimisinin, which had been universally well regarded, were less than ideal.
屠呦呦⾸先⾛访⽼中医，收集治疟验⽅，整理研究中医药典籍，从中寻找治疟药物。她和同事对包括青蒿在内的⼏百种中药的提取物进⾏了各种实验，但结果都令⼈沮丧，就连普遍看好的青蒿，效果也不理想。
显卡类型But later, Tu found a relevant passage in a medical treati by Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420): “Steep a handful of artimisinin in two liters of water. Extract the juice, and have the patient drink it. This will cure malaria.” Most Chine medicinal concoctions are to be taken after being boiled in water, but Ge Hong clearly states that the water ud to steep artemisinin does not need to
be boiled, and the juice is to be taken by the patient. This shows that artimisinin shuns high temperatures, which destroy its effectiveness; it needs a low temperature to work properly.
后来在东晋葛洪的《肘后备急⽅》中见到相应的记载。该书说 “⼀把青蒿，⽤两升⽔浸泡，拧出汁来，喝下去，可治疟疾。”⼀般中草药的服⽤⽅法都是⽤⽔煎服，但葛洪却写明青蒿不⽤⽔煮，⽽是浸泡拧出汁来服⽤。这说明青蒿怕⾼温，在⾼温下有效成分就被破坏了，必须低温提取才⾏。
There was much wisdom in that one ntence, pointing to a brand-new direction for Tu and her rearch team. Finally, in 1972 an extract of artimisinin was found to be one hundred percent effective against malarial parasites!
⼀句话如醍醐灌顶，指明了屠呦呦团队的研究思路，终于在 1972年从青蒿中提取出抗疟的有效成分青蒿素，对疟原⾍抑制率达到 100%！
How wonderful the ancients were, and how wonderful our country's scientists!对女儿说的话
In 2000 the WHO recognized artemisinin as a leading anti-malarial drug, and promoted it worldwide. From 2000 to 2015, the global ratio of deaths from malaria dropped by sixty percent. As the leading anti-malarial drug, artemisinin demonstrated that it had a great role to play.
在青蒿素问世和推⼴前，全世界每年约有 4亿⼈次感染疟疾，⾄少有 100万⼈死于此病。2000年，世界卫⽣组织把青蒿素类药物作为⾸选抗疟药物，在全球推⼴。2000年⾄ 2015年期间，全球疟疾死亡率下降了 60%，青蒿素类药物作为治疗疟疾的主导药物，发挥了相当⼤的作⽤。
在一起多好
Beginning at the age of 39, Tu devoted her life to artemisinin rearch. In 2015, at the age of 85, she received a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was the first time for a Chine scientist to win a Nobel Prize.
童话故事短篇从39岁开始，屠呦呦⼀⽣都在研究青蒿素。2015年，85岁的屠呦呦获诺贝尔⽣理学或医学奖，实现了中国科学家诺贝尔奖零的突破。
How did Tu manage to attain such a great achievement? You probably have the answer to that already: You reap what you sow. If you don't give up easily in the face of difficulties, you may make progress and start to e a glimmer of starlight. As the saying goes,“It's always darkest just before the dawn.”
屠呦呦为什么获得这么⼤成就？相信你已经有了答案，⼀分耕耘⼀分收获，在艰难的时候不要轻易放弃，也许你再往前⾛，就能看见点点星光，柳暗花明。
来源| 《⽤英语讲中国故事》
恐龙谷
